Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME B30.20-2006

(Revision of ASME B30.20-2003)

Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

AN AMERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD

Three Park Avenue • New York, NY 10016

Date of Issuance: January 16, 2007

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2009. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at https://cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of the Standard.

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.

ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,

without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2007 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented to the annual meeting of the ASME.

Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925, involving: the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USA Standards Institute), Department of Labor — State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry — State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee’s recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.

In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.

Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American National Standards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organiza- tions.

The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover the different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.

In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operating under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National Standards Institute.

This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.

In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.

This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on December 1, 2006.

Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit- tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.

ASME B30 COMMITTEE

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,

Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

P. S. Zorich, Chair

B. D. Closson, Vice Chair

J. D. Wendler, Secretary

N. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.

R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.

R. J. Bolen, Consultant

G. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPont

A. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.

M. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Crane Group

T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance/Alliance of American Insurers

M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Group

B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.

T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.

J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.

R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics Group

J. W. Downs, Jr., Alternate, Downs Crane and Hoist Co.

L. D. DeMark, International Union of Operating Engineers

A. J. Lusi, Alternate, International Union of Operating Engineers

D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and Associates

R. J. Edwards, Schwing America

D. R. Remus, Alternate, Reed Manufacturing

J. L. Gordon, Acco Chain and Lifting Products

N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp./Power Crane & Shovel Association

E. D. Fidler, Alternate, Grove Worldwide

J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America

C. W. Ireland, National Oilwell

A. J. Egging, Alternate, National Oilwell

L. S. Johnson, Fluor Construction Technology

E. P. Vliet, Alternate, Turner Industries

R. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering Services

H. I. Shapiro, Alternate, Specialized Carriers and Rigging Association/Howard I. Shapiro & Associates

C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group

P. A. Boeckman, Alternate, The Crosby Group

R. J. Burkey, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire Rope Technical Board

D. M. Sleightholm, Alternate, Bridon American Corp.

K. J. Miller, Jacobs Engineering

D. W. Smith, Alternate, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co.

G. L. Owens, Granite Construction, Inc.

R. M. Parnell, Wire Rope Rigging Consultants/Industrial Training International

P. D. Sweeney, Alternate, General Dynamics, Electric Boat

J. T. Perkins, Ingersoll-Rand

H. G. Leidich, Alternate, Ingersoll-Rand

J. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the Navy

D. W. Ritchie, St. Paul Companies

W. P. Rollins, Manitowoc Crane Group

J. W. Rowland III, Consultant

J. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.

A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson Construction

D. Sayenga, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators

J. A. Gilbert, Alternate, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators

G. W. Shields, Caterpillar, Inc.

W. J. Smith, Jr., U.S. Department of Labor: OSHA

R. G. Strain, Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.

J. B. Hamill, Alternate, Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.

1. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling

2. E. Weir, Jr., Norris Brothers Co., Inc./National Erectors Association

J. D. Wendler, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

D. N. Wolff, National Crane Corp.

A. L. Calta, Alternate, National Crane Corp.

P. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.

H. W. Fair, Alternate, H. Fair Associates, Inc.

HONORARY MEMBERS

J. M. Klibert, Lift-All Co., Inc.

R. W. Parry, Consultant

R. A. Dahlin, Chair, Walker Magnetics Group

B30.20 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

C. D. Meads, Bradley Lifting Corp.

K. M. Jankowski, Alternate, Walker Magnetics Group

G. A. Bond, Wood’s Powr-Grip Co., Inc.

P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.

J. W. Downs, Jr., Downs Crane and Hoist Co.

J. D. Edmundson, Morris Material Handling

F. G. Heath, Heath & Associates

H. D. Bradley, Alternate, Bradley Lifting Corp.

G. H. Noetzel, Young Corp.

R. O. Osborn, Jr., Professional Project Service

B. E. Schaltenbrand, Consultant

P. D. Sweeney, General Dynamics, Electric Boat

1. R. Verenski, Hunter Lift

   
   

   SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS

   
   

   (06) B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION

   
   

   SECTION I: SCOPE

   The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec- tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-handling related equipment. For the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided into separate volumes. Each volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 Standards Committee and has successfully completed a consensus approval process under the general auspices of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

   As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Standard comprises the following volumes:

   B30.1 Jacks

   B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Run- ning Trolley Hoist)

   B30.3 Construction Tower Cranes

   B30.4 Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes B30.6 Derricks

   B30.7 Base Mounted Drum Hoists

   B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30.9 Slings

   B30.10 Hooks

   B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes

   B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Asso-

   ciated Equipment B30.14 Side Boom Tractors

   B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes

   (withdrawn 1982 — requirements found in latest revision of B30.5)

   B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung)

   B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)

   B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)

   B30.19 Cableways

   B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices B30.21 Manually Lever Operated Hoists

   B30.24 Container Cranes1

   B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers B30.26 Rigging Hardware

   B30.27 Material Placement Systems B30.28 Balance Lifting Units1

   
   

   SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

   The B30 Standard does not apply to track and automo- tive jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, ship- board cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment, or equipment covered under the scope of the following standards: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56, and B77.

   
   

   SECTION III: PURPOSE

   The B30 Standard is intended to

   1. prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other- wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements

   2. provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon- sible for, its application

   3. guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives

SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

These Volumes may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for gov- ernmental use, the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern- mental authorities.

SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE

1. Effective Date. The effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be 1 year after its date of issuance.

   B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes

   B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems 1 These volumes are currently in the development process.

   Construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte- nance, and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this Volume shall conform to the mandatory requirements of this Volume.

2. Existing Installations. Equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be subject to the inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require- ments of this Standard after the effective date.

It is not the intent of this Volume of the B30 Standard to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However, when an item is being modified, its performance require- ments shall be reviewed relative to the requirements within the current volume. The need to meet the current requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 year.

SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Requirements of this Standard are characterized by use of the word shall. Recommendations of this Standard are characterized by the word should.

SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS

This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as

1. Customary units. The values stated in customary units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are a direct (soft) conversion from the customary units.

   
   

   SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION

   The B30 Standards Committee will consider requests for revision of any of the volumes within the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to:

   Secretary, B30 Standards Committee ASME Codes and Standards

   Three Park Avenue

   New York, NY 10016-5990

   Requests should be in the following format: Volume: Cite the designation and title of the volume. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume. Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

   and the relevant heading(s).

   Request: Indicate the suggested revision.

   Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested revision.

   Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for consid- eration and action. Correspondence will be provided to

   the requester defining the actions undertaken by the B30 Standards Committee.

   
   

   SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION

   The B30 Standards Committee will render an interpre- tation of the provisions of the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to

   Secretary, B30 Standards Committee ASME Codes and Standards

   Three Park Avenue

   New York, NY 10016-5990

   Requests should be in the following format: Volume: Cite the designation and title of the volume. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume. Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)

   and the relevant heading(s).

   Question: Phrase the question as a request for an inter- pretation of a specific provision suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. Plans or drawings that explain the question may be submitted to clarify the question. However, they should not contain any proprietary names or information.

   Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for a draft response, which will then be subject to approval by the B30 Standards Committee prior to its formal issuance. Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be published in the subsequent edition of the respective volume and

   will be available online at https://cstools.asme.org.

   
   

   SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

   The equipment covered by the B30 Standard is subject to hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and com- mon sense. It is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are competent, careful, physically and mentally quali- fied, and trained in the proper operation of the equip- ment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include, but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte- nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load, obstructing the free passage of the load, and using equip- ment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.

   The B30 Standards Committee fully realizes the importance of proper design factors, minimum or maxi- mum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wire rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums, and similar equipment covered by the standard,

   all of which are closely connected with safety. Sizes, strengths, and similar criteria are dependent on many different factors, often varying with the installation and uses. These factors depend on

   1. the condition of the equipment or material

   2. the loads

   3. the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums

   4. the type of attachments

   5. the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or other parts

   6. environmental conditions causing corrosion or wear

   7. many variables that must be considered in each individual case

The requirements and recommendations provided in the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judg- ment used in determining their application.

ASME B30.20-2006 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by the A