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ASME PTC 52-2020
M00049976
New product
ASME PTC 52-2020 Concentrating Solar Power Plants
standard by ASME International, 11/05/2021
Full Description
This Code provides procedures, methods, and definitions for performance testing the solar-to-thermal conversion systems (i.e., solar thermal systems) associated with concentrating solar power (CSP) plants of parabolic trough, linear Fresnel, and power tower designs.
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Concentrating Solar Power Plants
Performance Test Codes
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME PTC 52-2020
ASME PTC 52-2020
Concentrating
Solar Power Plants
Performance Test Codes
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: November 5, 2021
This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations are published on the Committee web page and under https://go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the PTC Committee Page at https://go.asme.org/PTCcommittee as they are issued.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2021 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Correspondence With the PTC Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Section 1 | Object and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-1 | Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-2 | Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-3 | Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-4 | References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 |
Section 2 | Definitions and Descriptions of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 4 |
2-1 | Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 4 |
2-2 | Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
2-3 | Abbreviations and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
Section 3 | Guiding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
3-1 | Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
3-2 | Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
3-3 | Test Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 14 |
3-4 | Test Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
3-5 | Conduct of the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
3-6 | Calculation and Reporting of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
Section 4 | Instruments and Methods of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
4-1 | General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
4-2 | Solar Direct Normal Irradiance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 27 |
4-3 | Pressure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 29 |
4-4 | Temperature Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 31 |
4-5 | Flow Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-6 | Humidity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 43 |
4-7 | Wind Speed and Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 44 |
4-8 | Level Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
4-9 | Auxiliary or Supplemental Fuel Input Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
4-10 | Electric Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
4-11 | Atmospheric Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 49 |
4-12 | Receiver Absorptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 49 |
4-13 | Fluid Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 50 |
4-14 | Cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 50 |
4-15 | Data Collection and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 52 |
Section 5 | Calculations and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 |
5-1 | Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 |
5-2 | Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 |
5-3 | Comparison of As-Tested Performance to Predicted Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 58 |
Section 6 | Report of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
6-1 | General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
6-2 | Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
6-3 | Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
6-4 | Calculations and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
6-5 | Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
6-6 | Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
6-7 | Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
Section 7 | Uncertainty Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 61 |
7-1 | Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 61 |
7-2 | Pretest Uncertainty Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 61 |
7-3 | Post-Test Uncertainty Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 61 |
7-4 | Inputs for an Uncertainty Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 61 |
7-5 | Correlated and Uncorrelated Approaches to Uncertainty Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 62 |
7-6 | Uncertainty Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 62 |
Nonmandatory Appendices
A | Thermal Energy Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 65 |
B | Sample Multiday Performance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 71 |
Figures | ||
3-2.4-1 | Sample Solar Field Test Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 13 |
3-5.4.3-1 | Three Post-Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
4-3.4-1 | Five-Way Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 32 |
4-3.4-2 | Water Leg Correction for Flow Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 32 |
4-4.4.2-1 | Three- and Four-Wire RTDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
4-14.2-1 | Incidence Angle, Acceptance Angle, and Specularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 51 |
A-1.1-1 | Typical Direct TES Hot Tank–Cold Tank Configuration With Discharge Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 66 |
A-1.1-2 | Typical Indirect TES Hot Tank–Cold Tank Configuration With Charge and Discharge Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 66 |
A-3.2.1-1 | Test Boundary Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 67 |
B-1-1 | Ratio of Measured to Predicted Thermal Energy Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 72 |
Tables | ||
2-2-1 | Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
4-2.3-1 | Contributing Factors to Overall DNI Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 28 |
4-3.4-1 | Impulse Line Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 31 |
4-5.2-1 | Typical Maximum Measurement Uncertainties for Flow Measurement Instruments . . . . | 38 |
4-5.3-1 | Recommended Flowmeter as a Function of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
B-1-1 | Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 73 |
B-1-2 | Irradiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 74 |
B-1-3 | Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 75 |
B-1-4 | Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 75 |
B-1-5 | Outage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 76 |
B-1-6 | Heat Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 77 |
B-1-7 | Predicted Measured Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 78 |
NOTICE
All Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, General Instructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code.
ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees repre- senting all concerned interests and specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis.
When tests are run in accordance with a code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results with contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commer- cial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results with the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made.
FOREWORD
In the early 2000s, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants were being built in several locations around the world. The plants varied in size and in the type of technology they used, but they shared at least one difficulty: there was no industry standard for testing their performance. Recognizing the importance of developing a performance test code (PTC) for solar power plants, ASME brought together in July 2009 more than 30 electric-power industry volunteers from several coun- tries to begin work on ASME PTC 52. This diverse group provided insight into each of the relevant technologies as well as expertise in plant design, power plant operation, and performance testing requirements. After agreeing that the industry needed a Code for acceptance testing of CSP plants, the Committee decided to limit the scope of the Code to CSP plants. The Code is intended for facilities that convert solar radiation into thermal energy for their own use. In most cases, the CSP plant is part of a complete electric power generation facility with CSP replacing fossil fuel as the thermal energy source. The Code does not address any photovoltaic solar fields or other systems where a heat balance at the boundary of the thermal system cannot be evaluated separately (e.g., dish-Stirling systems).
Initially, the Code was going to cover each CSP technology individually (tower, trough, linear Fresnel, storage, etc.). However, after a few meetings the Committee realized that if the solar field components were all kept within the test boundary and if the testing was concerned only with the energy streams crossing the boundary, all the technologies could be tested using the same guidelines. The final Code reflects this approach.
To prepare the Code, the Committee faced two fundamental differences between an acceptance test for a CSP plant and a test for a conventional fossil-fired system. The first difference is the transient nature of the energy source, and the second is the need to consider the role of an analytical performance model in the acceptance process. These factors bring into play the impacts of transient processes, uncertainties introduced by a model, and the need to test the accuracy of the model in predicting long-term performance. That means considering daily, seasonal, and annual solar cycles within the scope of the acceptance test procedure. Different types of tests are described in the Code, including short-term steady-state tests and longer multiday tests.
Facilities that include thermal energy storage facilities can also be tested using this Code, so long as the storage is within the test boundary. The Committee has also developed an appendix to discuss the approach for testing thermal energy storage systems independently.
The Committee recognizes that the development of new technologies, processes, and fluids is ongoing and may bring changes and improvements to the design, operation, efficiency, and output potential of the existing technologies, processes, and fluids. This Code has considered the range of conventional, proven CSP methods as those are relevant at this time. These technologies include
parabolic trough with linear receiver(s)
compact linear Fresnel reflectors with linear receiver(s)
central tower receiver with a heliostat field (both open and cavity style receivers)
thermal energy storage using a hot tank–cold tank system
Systems using different technologies than those listed can also be tested for acceptance using the guidance of ASME PTC 52.
This Code was approved by the PTC 52 Committee and the PTC Standards Committee on August 1, 2019. It was then approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on March 23, 2020.
ASME PTC COMMITTEE
Performance Test Codes
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
P. G. Albert, Chair
S. A. Scavuzzo, Vice Chair
D. Alonzo, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
P. G. Albert, Consultant
D. Alonzo, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
J. M. Burns, Burns Engineering
A. E. Butler, General Electric Co.
W. C. Campbell, True North Consulting, LLC
M. J. Dooley, Consultant
J. Gonzalez, Iberdrola Engineering and Construction
R. E. Henry, Sargent and Lundy
D. R. Keyser, Survice Engineering Co.
T. K. Kirkpatrick, McHale and Associates, Inc.
S. J. Korellis, Electrical Power Research Institute
M. P. McHale, McHale and Associates, Inc.
J. Milton, Chevron
S. P. Nuspl, Consultant
Pearce, Kansas City Power and Light
A. Scavuzzo, The Babcock and Wilcox Co.
J. A. Silvaggio, Jr., Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomachinery, Inc.
T. L. Toburen, T2E3
G. E. Weber, OSIsoft
W. C. Wood, Duke Energy Co.
T. C. Heil, Alternate, The Babcock and Wilcox Co.
R. P. Allen, Honorary Member
R. Jorgensen, Honorary Member