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ASME B30.18-2021
M00049982
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ASME B30.18-2021 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder with Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)
standard by ASME International, 09/30/2021
Full Description
B30.18 applies to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of hand-powered and power-driven overhead and gantry cranes that have a top or under running multiple girder bridge with a vertically guided carriage, with or without a top or under running trolley. The requirements included in this volume also apply to stacker cranes having the same fundamental characteristics, such as cantilever gantry and semi-gantry stacker cranes.
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Stacker Cranes
(Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME B30.18-2021
(Revision of ASME B30.18-2016)
ASME B30.18-2021
(Revision of ASME B30.18-2016)
Stacker Cranes
(Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: September 30, 2021
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2026. This Standard will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME website under the Committee Pages at https://cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.
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This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
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ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2021 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | v vii ix xii |
Chapter 18-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
Section 18-0.1 Scope of B30.18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
Section 18-0.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
Section 18-0.3 Personnel Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 6 |
Section 18-0.4 References to Other Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 6 |
Chapter 18-1 General Construction and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
Section 18-1.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
Section 18-1.2 Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
Section 18-1.3 General Construction — Runways and Supporting Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
Section 18-1.4 Stacker Crane Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
Section 18-1.5 Cabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
Section 18-1.6 Footwalks and Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
Section 18-1.7 Stops, Bumpers, Rail Sweeps, and Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
Section 18-1.8 Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
Section 18-1.9 Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 13 |
Section 18-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
Section 18-1.11 Warning Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
Section 18-1.12 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
Chapter 18-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 18 |
Section 18.2.1 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 18 |
Section 18-2.2 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 19 |
Section 18-2.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 19 |
Section 18-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
Chapter 18-3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
Section 18-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
Section 18-3.2 Translation of Technical and Safety-Related Information and Manual(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
Section 18-3.3 Conduct of Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
Section 18-3.4 Handling the Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
Section 18-3.5 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 24 |
Figures 18-0.2.1-1 Cab-Operated Stacker Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 |
18-0.2.1-2 Floor-Operated Stacker Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 3 |
18-0.2.1-3 Underhung Stacker Crane Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 4 |
18-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Three-Motor Crane) . . 14
18-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Four-Motor Crane) . . . 14
18-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button Station Arrangement) 15
18-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane Control Transmitter Lever Arrangement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
FOREWORD
This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916, when an eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.
Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925 involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) [later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI], Department of Labor — State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry — State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, the AESC approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee’s recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.
In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the Committee was organized on November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations.
Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page Code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists.” The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published addressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published addressing only jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.
Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yards and Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new Committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte- nance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2. This format change resulted in B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being initially published as “Revisions” of B30.2, with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30, depending on their date of publication. In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.
This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees. In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unne- cessary hardship, the administrative or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Intro- duction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.
Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.
The first edition of B30.18 was issued in 1987, and new editions were published in 1993, 1998, 2004, and 2011. The 2016 Edition included revisions that added personnel competence requirements, revised definitions and references, updated inspection and testing requirements, and revised operator responsibilities. This 2021 edition updates the tech- nical and safety-related information section.
This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on August 30, 2021.
ASME B30 COMMITTEE
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,
Jacks, and Slings
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
T. L. Blanton, Chair
E. D. Fidler, Vice Chair
S. D. Wood, Vice Chair
K. Peterson, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
N. E. Andrew, Neil E. Andrew and Associates, LLC
B. B. Bacon, Tennessee Valley Authority
T. L. Blanton, OGR Consulting Services, LLC
P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group
P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.
J. R. Burkey, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services
J. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.
D. R. Decker, Becket, LLC
L. D. DeMark, Sr., Equipment Training Solutions, LLC
W. Eckstine, Eckstine and Associates
D. Fidler, Grove U.S., LLC
M. Gardiner, ICC Forensics, LLC
J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators
D. A. Henninger, Bridon Bekaert, The Ropes Group
G. B. Hetherston, Hetherston Consulting, LLC
M. M. Jaxtheimer, Navy Crane Center
P. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC
R. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering Services
A. J. Lusi, Jr., Lumark Consulting, LLP
D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting, P.C.
W. Mills, Liberty Mutual Insurance
R. M. Parnell, ITI-Field Service
T. Perkins, All Material Handling (AMH)
Peterson, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
B. A. Pickett, Systems Engineering and Forensic Services
J. A. Pilgrim, Manitowoc Cranes
S. K. Rammelsberg, McDermott
K. Reynolds, Shell Exploration and Production
J. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the Navy
J. W. Rowland III, Consultant
A. R. Ruud, Atkinson Construction
L. K. Shapiro, Howard I. Shapiro and Associates
D. W. Smith, J.E. Spear Consulting, LP
W. J. Smith, Jr., NationsBuilder Insurance Services
R. S. Stemp, Lampson International, LLC
R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLC
J. Sturm, Sturm Corp.
D. Sullivan, IUOE Local 542 JATC
P. D. Sweeney, Riverside Engineering
E. P. Vliet, Consultant
J. D. Wiethorn, International Crane and Construction Safety Solutions
C. Wild, CJ Drilling, Inc.
D. Wood, Terex Corp.
R. J. Bolen, Alternate, Consultant
D. Boyle, Alternate, The Crosby Group
B. M. Casey, Alternate, Electric Boat
M. Chaudanson, Alternate, Howard I. Shapiro and Associates
W. C. Dickinson, Jr., Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLC
D. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.
M. Eckstine, Alternate, Safelift, LLC
R. Fletcher, Alternate, Cowles, Murphy, Glover and Associates
Gordon, Alternate, IUOE Local 14 Training Fund
J. B. Greenwood, Alternate, Navy Crane Center
K. Hale, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
Jordan, Alternate, American International Crane Bureau
K. Kennedy, Alternate, Navy Crane Center
D. Lavoie, Alternate, Liberty Mutual
J. Lindsay, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment
J. P. Mihlbauer, Alternate, All Ship and Cargo Surveys, Ltd.
G. D. Miller, Alternate, Manitowoc Cranes
D. A. Moore, Alternate, Unified Engineering
L. S. Olver, Alternate, Kolo Holdings, Inc.
J. M. Randall, Alternate, McDermott
G. Mark Ray, Alternate, Tennessee Valley Authority
C. L. Richardson, Alternate, Lone Star Rigging, LP
M. Riggs, Alternate, Riggsafe Solutions, Inc.
J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.
J. Schoppert, Alternate, NBIS Claims and Risk Management
T. Sicklesteel, Alternate, National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators
C. H. Smith, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC
J. E. Spear, Alternate, J.E. Spear Consulting, LP
J. A. Stewart, Alternate, Stewart Safety Consulting
J. J. Van Egeren, Alternate, Manitowoc Cranes
M. Zerba, Alternate, Lampson International, LLC
J. W. Downs, Jr., Honorary Member, Consultant
J. L. Franks, Honorary Member, Consultant
C. W. Ireland, Honorary Member, National Oilwell Varco
J. M. Klibert, Honorary Member, Lift-All Co., Inc.
R. W. Parry, Honorary Member, Parry Parry and Glen
J. C. Ryan, Honorary Member, Boh Bros. Construction Co.
D. N. Wolff, Honorary Member, Consultant
B30.18 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL
D. A. Moore, Chair, United Engineering
J. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.
J. M. Randall, McDermott
R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLC
J. L. Gordon, Contributing Member, Acco Material Handling Solutions, Inc.
B30 INTEREST REVIEW GROUP
O. Akinboboye, Ropetech Engineering Services
J. D. Cannon, Consultant
B. Dobbs, LEEA
M. J. Eggenberger, Berry Contracting, Inc.
A. Gomes Rocha, Industrial Training International
J. B. Greenwood, Navy Crane Center
N. C. Hargreaves, Hargreaves Consulting, LLC
H. A. Hashem, Saudi Aramco
J. Hui, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing
A. C. Mattoli, Prowinch, LLC
J. Mellott-Green, All Canadian Training Institute, Inc.
J. P. Mihlbauer, All Ship and Cargo Surveys, Ltd.
L. S. Olver, Kolo Holdings, Inc.
G. L. Owens, Consultant
A. Payne, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
C.-C. Tsaur, Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
B30 REGULATORY AUTHORITY COUNCIL
C. N. Stribling, Jr., Chair, Kentucky Labor Cabinet
K. Peterson, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
R. D. Jackson, U.S. Department of Labor
D. E. Latham, State of Maryland DLLR
M. J. Nelmida, State of California, Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board
C. Shelhamer, New York City Department of Buildings
T. Taylor, Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry
G. M. Thomas, South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation
A. O. Omran, Alternate, New York City Department of Buildings
Reynolds, Alternate, Maryland Occupational Safety and Health
B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION ð21Þ
SECTION I: SCOPE
The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-movement-related equipment. For the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided into separate volumes. Each volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 Standards Committee and has successfully completed a consensus approval process under the general auspices of the Amer- ican National Standards Institute (ANSI).
As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Stan- dard comprises the following volumes:
B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, and Hydraulic Gantries
B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)
B30.3 Tower Cranes
B30.4 Portal and Pedestal Cranes B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes B30.6 Derricks
B30.7 Winches
B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30.9 Slings
B30.10 Hooks
B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes (withdrawn 2018 — requirements found in latest revision of B30.17)
B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and
Associated Equipment
B30.14 Side Boom Tractors
B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes (withdrawn 1982 — requirements found in latest revision of B30.5)
B30.16 Overhead Underhung and Stationary Hoists B30.17 Cranes and Monorails (With Underhung Trolley
or Bridge)
B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)
B30.19 Cableways
B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
B30.21 Lever Hoists
B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems B30.24 Container Cranes
B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers B30.26 Rigging Hardware
B30.27 Material Placement Systems B30.28 Balance Lifting Units
B30.29 Self-Erecting Tower Cranes B30.30 Ropes
B30.31 Self-Propelled, Towed, or Remote-Controlled Hydraulic Platform Transporters1
B30.32 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Used in Inspection, Testing, Maintenance, and Lifting Operations1
SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS
Any exclusion of, or limitations applicable to, the equip- ment, requirements, recommendations, or operations contained in this Standard are established in the affected volume’s scope.
SECTION III: PURPOSE
The B30 Standard is intended to
prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other- wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements
provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon- sible for, its application
guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives
SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES
These volumes may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for govern- mental use, the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern- mental authorities.
1 This volume is currently in the development process.