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ASME BTH-1-2020
M00050484
New product
ASME BTH-1-2020 Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
standard by ASME International, 06/11/2021
Full Description
BTH-1 provides minimum structural and mechanical design and electrical component selection criteria for ASME B30.20 below-the-hook lifting devices. The provisions in this Standard apply to the design or modification of below-the-hook lifting devices. Compliance with requirements and criteria that may be unique to specialized industries and environments is outside of the scope of this Standard. Lifting devices designed to this Standard shall comply with ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Device.B30.20 includes provisions that apply to the marking, construction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of below-the-hook lifting devices.
BTH-1 addresses only design requirements. As such, this Standard should be used in conjunction with B30.20, which addresses safety requirements. BTH-1 does not replace B30.20. The design criteria set forth are minimum requirements that may be increased at the discretion of the lifting device manufacturer or a qualified person.
Key changes to this revision of BTH-1 include:Addition of chapter of requirements for Lifting Magnet Design with additional commentary found in a corresponding new Nonmandatory AppendixAddition of design requirements for new Design Category for specialized application in industries that require lifting designs based on a specified larger Design factorAddition of new requirements for Member PropertiesUpdated Table 3-2.2-1 Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression ElementsBTH-1 and B30.20 are to be used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the ASME B30 series of Safety Standards. Careful application of these Safety Standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed in these volumes.
Intended for manufacturers, owners, employers, users and others concerned with the specification, buying, maintenance, training and safe use of below-the-hook lifting devices with B30 equipment, plus all potential governing entities.
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Design of
Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME BTH-1–2020
(Revision of ASME BTH-1–2017)
ASME BTH-1–2020
(Revision of ASME BTH-1–2017)
Design of
Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: June 11, 2021
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2023. This Standard will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2021 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Correspondence With the BTH Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Chapter 1 | Scope, Definitions, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-1 | Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-2 | Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-3 | New and Existing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-4 | General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
1-5 | Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 |
1-6 | Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 5 |
1-7 | References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
Chapter 2 | Lifter Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
2-1 | General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
2-2 | Design Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
2-3 | Service Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
Chapter 3 | Structural Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
3-1 | General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
3-2 | Member Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 |
3-3 | Connection Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
3-4 | Fatigue Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
3-5 | Other Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 21 |
Chapter 4 | Mechanical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-1 | General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-2 | Sheaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-3 | Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-4 | Drive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 38 |
4-5 | Gearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 38 |
4-6 | Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
4-7 | Shafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
4-8 | Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
4-9 | Grip Support Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
4-10 | Vacuum Lifting Device Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
4-11 | Fluid Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 43 |
Chapter 5 | Electrical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
5-1 | General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
5-2 | Electric Motors and Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
5-3 | Operator Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
5-4 | Controllers and Auxiliary Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 46 |
5-5 | Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
5-6 | Power Disconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
5-7 | Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
Chapter 6 | Lifting Magnet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
6-1 | Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
6-2 | Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
6-3 | Selection and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
Nonmandatory Appendices | ||
A | Commentary for Chapter 1: Scope, Definitions, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 52 |
B | Commentary for Chapter 2: Lifter Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 56 |
C | Commentary for Chapter 3: Structural Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 58 |
D | Commentary for Chapter 4: Mechanical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 67 |
E | Commentary for Chapter 5: Electrical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 70 |
F | Commentary for Chapter 6: Lifting Magnet Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 72 |
Figures | ||
1-5.5-1 | Magnetic Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 5 |
4-2.6-1 | Sheave Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
4-2.7-1 | Sheave Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 38 |
4-9.2-1 | Illustration of Holding and Support Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 43 |
C-2.6-1 | Selected Examples of Table 3-2.2-1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 62 |
C-3.2-1 | Block Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
C-3.3.1-1 | Pin-Connected Plate Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 64 |
C-3.3.2-1 | Stiffened Plate Lifting Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 64 |
Tables | ||
2-3-1 | Service Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
3-2.2-1 | Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 13 |
3-3.4.2-1 | Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Penetration Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . | 19 |
3-3.4.3-1 | Minimum Sizes of Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
3-4.3-1 | Allowable Stress Ranges, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 21 |
3-4.4-1 | Fatigue Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
4-5.3-1 | Strength Factors for Calculating Load Capacity (American Standard Tooth Forms) . . . . | 39 |
4-6.2-1 | L10 Bearing Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
4-7.5-1 | Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (ASME B17.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 41 |
4-7.5-2 | Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (DIN 6885-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 41 |
4-7.6.1-1 | Fatigue Stress Amplification Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 41 |
B-3-1 | Service Class Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 57 |
C-1.3-1 | Design Category A Static Load Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
C-1.3-2 | Design Category A Dynamic Load Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
C-1.3-3 | Design Category B Static Load Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
C-1.3-4 | Design Category B Dynamic Load Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
FOREWORD
There have been many formal requests for interpretation of the limited structural design criteria stated within ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. As a consequence, industry has for quite some time expressed a need for a comprehensive design standard for below-the-hook lifting devices that would complement the safety re- quirements of ASME B30.20. All editions of ASME B30.20 have included structural design criteria oriented toward the industrial manufacturing community requiring a minimum design factor of 3, based on the yield strength of the material; recent editions have also included design criteria for the fatigue failure mode. However, members of the construction community expressed the need for design criteria more suitable to their operating conditions, including a lower design factor, and the necessity to address other failure modes such as fracture, shear, and buckling, and design topics such as impact and fasteners.
A Design Task Group was created in 1997 to begin work on a design standard as a companion document to ASME B30.20. The ASME BTH Standards Committee on the Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices was formed out of the Design Task Group and held its organizational meeting on December 5, 1999.
ASME BTH-1-2005, Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, contained five chapters: Scope and Definitions, Lifter Classifications, Structural Design, Mechanical Design, and Electrical Components. This Standard, intended for general industry and construction, set forth two design categories for lifters based on the magnitude and variation of loading, and operating and environmental conditions. The two design categories provided different design factors for determining allowable static stress limits. Five Service Classes based on load cycles were provided. The Service Class establishes allowable stress range values for lifter structural members and design parameters for mechanical components. ASME BTH-1–2005 was approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on October 18, 2005.
ASME BTH-1–2008 incorporated editorial revisions and two new mechanical design sections for grip ratio and vacuum lifting device design. ASME BTH-1–2008 was approved by ANSI on September 17, 2008.
ASME BTH-1–2011 incorporated revisions throughout the Standard and the addition of a new mechanical design section for fluid power systems. ASME BTH-1–2011 was approved by ANSI on September 23, 2011.
ASME BTH-1–2014 incorporated into Chapter 4 a section on lifting magnets. Other technical revisions included new requirements for fluid pressure control and electrical system guarding. Along with these technical changes, the non- mandatory Commentary for each chapter was moved to its own respective Nonmandatory Appendix. ASME BTH-1–2014 was approved by ANSI on June 24, 2014.
ASME BTH-1–2017 included the addition of Chapter 6: Lifting Magnet Design, an accompanying Nonmandatory Appen- dix with commentary for the new chapter, and other revisions. Following the approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee, ANSI approved ASME BTH-1–2017 on January 6, 2017.
This revision of ASME BTH-1 includes clarification of the requirement to establish the rated load of a lifting device by calculation, incorporation of ASME B30.30-2019 into the rope requirements in Chapter 4, improvements based on user input, revision of Chapter 5 title to Electrical Design, and consideration for load blocks and lifting attachments. Following the approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee, ANSI approved this edition as an American National Standard, with the new designation ASME BTH-1–2020, on December 9, 2020.
ASME BTH STANDARDS COMMITTEE
Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
J. D. Edmundson, Chair
Verenski, Vice Chair
Dominguez, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
B. B. Bacon, Tennessee Valley Authority
G. A. Bond, Wood’s Powr-Grip Co., Inc.
P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.
P. B. Debuigne, AECOM
E. Dominguez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. Duerr, 2DM Associates, Inc.
J. D. Edmundson, Konecranes Nuclear
C. Fox, Ruby and Associates
M. T. Gaunce, SCHUNK
T. C. Mackey, Washington River Protection Solutions
M. P. McShane, Washington River Protection Solutions
B. A. Pickett, Systems Engineering and Forensic Services
D. T. Rebbin, Bradley Lifting Corp.
J. W. Rowland III, Consultant
R. S. Stemp, Lampson International, LLC
P. D. Sweeney, Riverside Engineering, LLC
D. R. Verenski, Hunter Lift Ltd.
J. Warburton, Halliburton
T. J. Brookbank, Alternate, Hunter Lift Ltd.
J. Rea, Alternate, Bradley Lifting Corp.
M. P. Zerba, Alternate, Lampson International, LLC
S. Barton, Contributing Member, Consultant
A. Faris, Contributing Member, Rice Engineering
M. Hughes, Contributing Member, Simpson Gumpertz and Heger
R. A. Dahlin, Honorary Member, Walker Magnetics
J. W. Downs, Jr., Honorary Member, Downs Crane and Hoist Co.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE BTH COMMITTEE
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, BTH Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
https://go.asme.org/Inquiry
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Interpretations. Upon request, the BTH Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the BTH Standards Committee.
Requests for interpretation should preferably be submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form. The form is accessible at https://go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest. Upon submittal of the form, the Inquirer will receive an automatic e-mail confirming receipt.
If the Inquirer is unable to use the online form, he/she may mail the request to the Secretary of the BTH Standards Committee at the above address. The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further rec- ommended that the Inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry in one or two words. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. Please provide a condensed and precise question, composed in suc