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ASME BTH-1-2014 Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
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Design of
Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
Errata to
ASME BTH-1–2014
Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
On page 13, in the nomenclature for eq. (3-17), the second definition for CLTB has been corrected by errata to replace the square root sign in the numerator with parentheses. The correct equation is shown below.
CLTB p
2.00 (EIx/GJ) (Lb/bf)2
+ 0.275 1.00
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 January 2015
J0175E
ASME BTH-1–2014
(Revision of ASME BTH-1–2011)
ASME BTH-1–2014
(Revision of ASME BTH-1–2011)
Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
AN AMERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: October 29, 2014
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2014 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword v
Committee Roster vi
Correspondence With the BTH Committee vii
Summary of Changes viii
Chapter 1 | Scope, Definitions, and References........................................... | 1 |
1-1 | Purpose ................................................................... | 1 |
1-2 | Scope ..................................................................... | 1 |
1-3 | New and Existing Devices ................................................. | 1 |
1-4 | General Requirements ..................................................... | 1 |
1-5 | Definitions ................................................................ | 2 |
1-6 | Symbols ................................................................... | 4 |
1-7 | References ................................................................. | 7 |
Chapter 2 | Lifter Classifications......................................................... | 9 |
2-1 | General ................................................................... | 9 |
2-2 | Design Category ........................................................... | 9 |
2-3 | Service Class .............................................................. | 9 |
Chapter 3 | Structural Design ........................................................... | 10 |
3-1 | General ................................................................... | 10 |
3-2 | Member Design ........................................................... | 10 |
3-3 | Connection Design ........................................................ | 15 |
3-4 | Fatigue Design ............................................................ | 18 |
3-5 | Other Design Considerations ............................................... | 32 |
Chapter 4 | Mechanical Design .......................................................... | 33 |
4-1 | General ................................................................... | 33 |
4-2 | Sheaves ................................................................... | 33 |
4-3 | Wire Rope ................................................................. | 34 |
4-4 | Drive Systems ............................................................. | 34 |
4-5 | Gearing ................................................................... | 34 |
4-6 | Bearings ................................................................... | 36 |
4-7 | Shafting ................................................................... | 37 |
4-8 | Fasteners .................................................................. | 38 |
4-9 | Grip Support Force ........................................................ | 39 |
4-10 | Vacuum Lifting Device Design ............................................. | 39 |
4-11 | Fluid Power Systems ...................................................... | 40 |
4-12 | Lifting Magnets ........................................................... | 40 |
Chapter 5 | Electrical Components ....................................................... | 41 |
5-1 | General ................................................................... | 41 |
5-2 | Electric Motors and Brakes ................................................. | 41 |
5-3 | Operator Interface ......................................................... | 41 |
5-4 | Controllers and Auxiliary Equipment ....................................... | 42 |
5-5 | Grounding ................................................................ | 43 |
5-6 | Power Disconnects ......................................................... | 43 |
5-7 | Batteries ................................................................... | 43 |
Figures 4-2.6-1 | Sheave Dimensions ........................................................ | 33 |
4-2.7-1 | Sheave Gap ................................................................ | 33 |
4-9.2-1 | Illustration of Holding and Support Forces ................................. | 39 |
Tables | ||
2-3-1 | Service Class .............................................................. | 9 |
3-2.2-1 | Limiting Width–Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements ................ | 11 |
3-3.4.2-1 | Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Penetration Groove Welds ..... | 17 |
3-3.4.3-1 | Minimum Sizes of Fillet Welds ............................................. | 18 |
3-4.3-1 | Allowable Stress Ranges, ksi (MPa) ......................................... | 19 |
3-4.4-1 | Fatigue Design Parameters ................................................. | 20 |
4-5.3-1 | Strength Factors for Calculating Load Capacity (American Standard Tooth | |
Forms) .................................................................. | 35 | |
4-6.2-1 | L10 Life .................................................................... | 36 |
4-7.5-1 | Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (ASME B17.1) .............................. | 38 |
4-7.5-2 | Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (DIN 6885-1) ............................... | 38 |
4-7.6.1-1 | Fatigue Stress Amplification Factors ........................................ | 38 |
Nonmandatory Appendices
Commentary for Chapter 1: Scope, Definitions, and References 45
Commentary for Chapter 2: Lifter Classifications 49
Commentary for Chapter 3: Structural Design 51
Commentary for Chapter 4: Mechanical Design 60
Commentary for Chapter 5: Electrical Components 63
FOREWORD
There have been many formal requests for interpretation of the limited structural design criteria stated within ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. As a consequence, industry has for quite some time expressed a need for a comprehensive design standard for below-the-hook lifting devices that would complement the safety requirements of ASME B30.20. All editions of ASME B30.20 have included structural design criteria oriented toward the industrial manufacturing community requiring a minimum design factor of three, based on the yield strength of the material; recent editions have also included design criteria for the fatigue failure mode. However, members of the construction community expressed the need for design criteria more suitable to their operating conditions, including a lower design factor, and the necessity to address other failure modes such as fracture, shear and buckling, and design topics such as impact and fasteners.
A Design Task Group was created in 1997 to begin work on a design standard as a companion document to ASME B30.20. The ASME BTH Standards Committee on the Design of Below-the- Hook Lifting Devices was formed out of the Design Task Group and held its organizational meeting on December 5, 1999.
ASME BTH-1–2005, Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, contained five chapters: Scope and Definitions, Lifter Classifications, Structural Design, Mechanical Design, and Electrical Components. This Standard, intended for general industry and construction, sets forth two design categories for lifters based on the magnitude and variation of loading, and operating and environmental conditions. The two design categories provide different design factors for determining allowable static stress limits. Five Service Classes based on load cycles are provided. The Service Class establishes allowable stress range values for lifter structural members and design parameters for mechanical components. ASME BTH-1–2005 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on October 18, 2005.
ASME BTH-1–2008 incorporated editorial revisions and two new mechanical design sections for grip ratio and vacuum-lifting device design. ASME BTH-1–2008 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 17, 2008.
ASME BTH-1–2011 incorporated revisions throughout the Standard and the addition of a new mechanical design section for fluid power systems. ASME BTH-1–2011 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 23, 2011.
This revision of ASME BTH-1 includes a section on lifting magnets that has been incorporated into Chapter 4. Other technical revisions include new requirements for fluid pressure control and electrical system guarding. Along with these technical changes, the nonmandatory Commentary for each chapter was moved to its own respective Nonmandatory Appendix. ASME BTH-1–2014 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 24, 2014.
ASME BTH STANDARDS COMMITTEE
Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
D. R. Verenski, Chair
D. Duerr, Vice Chair
M. R. Gerson, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
S. Barton, Doc Magnet
G. A. Bond, Wood’s Powr-Grip Co., Inc.
P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.
D. Duerr, 2DM Associates, Inc.
J. D. Edmundson, Konecranes/P&H
A. Faris, Ibberson Engineering Co.
M. R. Gerson, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
K. M. Jankowski, Walker Magnetics
T. C. Mackey, Washington River Protection Solutions
D. L. McCabe, Babcock and Wilcox Co.
D. T. Rebbin, Bradley Lifting Corp.
J. E. Rea, Alternate, Bradley Lifting Corp.
J. W. Rowland III, Consultant
R. S. Stemp, Lampson International, LLC
P. D. Sweeney, General Dynamics, Electric Boat
P. E. Van Every, Tecnomagnete, Inc.
D. R. Verenski, Hunter Lift Ltd.
T. J. Brookbank, Alternate, Hunter Lift Ltd.
HONORARY MEMBERS
R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics
J. W. Downs, Jr., Downs Crane and Hoist Co.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE BTH COMMITTEE
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre- spondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, BTH Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
https://go.asme.org/Inquiry
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Interpretations. Upon request, the BTH Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the BTH Standards Committee at go.asme.org/Inquiry.
The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry.
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.
Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. The BTH Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/ or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting and/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the BTH Standards Committee.
Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page at https://cstools.asme.org/.
ASME BTH-1–2014 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Following approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME BTH-1–2014 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 24, 2014.
ASME BTH-1–2014 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a margin note, (14).
Page | Location | Change |
1 | 1-2 | Second sentence of last paragraph revised |
2, 3 | 1-4.6 | Revised |
1-5.1 | Definitions of cycle, load; design factor; fatigue; lifting attachment; limit state; |
qualified person; stress, maximum; and
stress, minimum revised
1-5.2 Definitions of brittle fracture revised and
unbraced length deleted
1-5.3 Definitions of grip ratio and gripping force
deleted
4–7 1-6.1 Nomenclature for Fu, Lb, M1, M2, N, Nd, and Neq revised, and Ix added
1-6.2 Nomenclature for FH revised, GRmin and
SF deleted, and Fs added
1-7 | ANSI/NFPA 70 updated | |
10 | 3-1.3 | 3-1.3.1 and 3-1.3.2 designations added |
3-1.4 | Revised | |
12, 13 | 3-2.3.1 | Title revised |
3-2.3.2 | Revised | |
3-2.3.3 | Revised | |
3-2.3.4 | Revised | |
16 | 3-3.3.4 | Revised |
17 | 3-3.4.1 | Revised |
18 | 3-4.2 | Revised |
19–32 | Table 3-4.3-1 | Last row added |
3-4.6 Table 3-4.4-1 | FTH |