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ASME B31.9-2020
M00050720
New product
ASME B31.9-2020 Building Services Piping
standard by ASME International, 12/31/2020
Full Description
ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922.ASME B31.9 contains rules for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial, and public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1. ASME B31.9 prescribes requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, inspection, examination, and testing of piping systems for building services. It includes piping systems in the building or within the property limits.
It joins with ASME's many other safety standards governing the building and construction industry, including the A17 series on elevators and escalators; the B30 series on cranes, hoists and lifts; and the A112 series on plumbing. B31.9 also serves as a companion to ASME's other B31 codes on piping systems. Together, they remain essential references for anyone engaged with piping.
Key changes to this revision include the addition of allowable stresses for (austenitic) stainless steels to TableI-1, and revisions to references in Mandatory Appendix III.
Careful application of these B31 codes will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes.
Intended for designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers of industrial, institutional, commercial, and public building pipelines.
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Building Services Piping
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME B31.9-2020
(Revision of ASME B31.9-2017)
ASME B31.9-2020
(Revision of ASME B31.9-2017)
Building
Services Piping
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: December 31, 2020
The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2023. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations are published on the Committee web page and under https://go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B31 Committees may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the B31 Committee Page at https://go.asme.org/B31committee as they are issued.
Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME website under the Committee Pages of the associated codes and standards to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.
The B31 Committee Page can be found at https://go.asme.org/B31committee. The associated B31 Committee Pages for each code and standard can be accessed from this main page. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.
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This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
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without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2020 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Correspondence With the B31 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter I | Scope and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
900 | General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
Chapter II | Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
Part 1 | Conditions and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
901 | Design Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
902 | Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
Part 2 | Pressure Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
903 | Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
904 | Pressure Design of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
Part 3 | Selection and Limitation of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 14 |
905 | Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 14 |
906 | Fittings, Bends, and Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
907 | Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
908 | Flanges, Blanks, Gaskets, and Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
Part 4 | Selection and Limitation of Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
910 | Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
911 | Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
912 | Flanged Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
913 | Mechanical and Proprietary Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
914 | Threaded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
915 | Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
916 | Bell and Spigot Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
917 | Brazed and Soldered Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 16 |
Part 5 | Expansion, Flexibility, and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
919 | Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
920 | Loads on Pipe-Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
921 | Design of Pipe-Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 21 |
Part 6 | Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 25 |
922 | Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 25 |
Chapter III | Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 27 |
923 | Materials — General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 27 |
Chapter IV | Component Requirements and Standard Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 29 |
926 | Dimensions and Ratings of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 29 |
Chapter V | Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
927 | Welded Fabrication of Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
928 | Brazing and Soldering of Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
929 | Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
930 | Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
931 | Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 42 |
934 | Fabrication of Nonmetals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 43 |
935 | Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 44 |
Chapter VI | Inspection, Examination, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 46 |
936 | Inspection and Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 46 |
937 | Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
Mandatory Appendices
I Stress Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
II Allowable Pressures for Nonmetallic, Nonplastic Pressure Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
III Reference Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
IV Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Nonmandatory Appendices
A | Nonmandatory Quality System Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
B | Seismic Design and Retrofit of Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 64 |
Figures | ||
900.1.2 | Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum-Type Boilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 |
904.2.2 | Nomenclature for Miter Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 |
921.1.3-1 | Support Spans for Standard Wall Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
921.1.3-2 | Support Spans for Copper and Thermoplastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
927.4.3-1 | Fillet Weld Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
927.4.3-2 | Minimum Weld Size, Setback, and Depth of Insertion for Slip-On and Socket Weld Flanges | 38 |
927.4.3-3 | Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket-Welding Components Other Than Flanges . . . | 38 |
927.4.5-1 | Acceptable Welds for Flat Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
927.4.5-2 | Unacceptable Welds for Flat Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
927.4.6-1 | Typical Weld Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
927.4.6-2 | Typical Weld Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
927.4.6-3 | Integrally Reinforced Branch Connection Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 41 |
Tables | ||
902.4.3 | Joint Factors, E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
904.2.1 | Pipe Thickness for Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 |
917.3 | Rated Internal Working Pressures of Joints Made With Copper Water Tube and Solder Joint Fittings, psig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
919.3.1 | Moduli of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 18 |
921.2.2 | Capacities of Threaded ASTM A36 Steel Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 24 |
926.1 | Component Standards and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 30 |
926.2 | Standard Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
I-1 I-2 | Allowable Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for | 50 |
Thermoplastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 | |
I-3 | Design Stress Values for Contact Molded (Hand-Lay-Up) Pipe Made From Reinforced Thermosetting Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 56 |
I-4 | Hydrostatic Design Basis Stress for Machine-Made Thermosetting Resin Pipe . . . . . . . . | 57 |
II-1 | Allowable Pressures for Nonmetallic, Nonplastic Pressure Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 58 |
B-3.2.1 | Seismic Design Requirements, Applicable Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 65 |
B-3.3.1 | Maximum Span, ft, Between Lateral Seismic Restraints for Steel Pipe With a Yield Stress of 35 ksi, in Water Service at 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 66 |
FOREWORD
The need for a national code for pressure piping became increasingly evident from 1915 to 1925. The American Standards Association (ASA) initiated the B31 Project in March 1926 to meet that need. The American Society of Mechan- ical Engineers (ASME) proposed the work and has served as sponsor since its inception.
The first edition was published in 1935 as the American Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping. To keep the Code abreast of developments in design, welding, and service conditions, and of new standards and specifications, new or supplementary editions were issued as follows:
B31.1-1942 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping B31.1a-1944 Supplement 1
B31.1b-1947 Supplement 2
B31.1-1951 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping B31.1a-1953 Supplement 1 to B31.1-1951
B31.1-1955 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping
In 1955, a decision was made to develop and publish separate Code Sections for various industries. The current Sections are as follows:
B31.1 Power Piping
B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
B31.9 Building Services Piping B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines
In 1969, ASA, renamed the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), became the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the B31 Sectional Committee became the B31 Standards Committee. In 1978, ASME was granted accreditation by ANSI to organize the B31 Committee as the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, with Code Sections designated as ANSI/ASME B31.
Need for a separate building services section of the Code for Pressure Piping had been recognized for several years. ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping, first issued in 1982, was developed to fill that need.
The Code has intentionally been written on a conservative basis in order to avoid the necessity for complex design, fabrication, and inspection criteria. For this reason, application of this Code is expected to be simple and straightforward.
Metric (SI) units were added in parentheses after U.S. Customary (USC) units. The 2008 edition was approved by ANSI on April 1, 2008, and designated as ASME B31.9-2008.
The 2011 edition of ASME B31.9 contained revisions to the definitions and materials section of the Code. Additionally, the allowable stress values were updated to the 3.5 design margin.
The 2014 edition of ASME B31.9 included revisions to materials and the standards for material specifications, and other errata found in the Code.
The 2017 edition of ASME B31.9 included the addition of allowable stresses for (austenitic) stainless steels to Table I-1 and revisions to references in Mandatory Appendix III. Following approval by the B31 Main Committee and the ASME Board on Pressure Technology Codes and Standards, and after public review, ASME B31.9-2017 was approved by ANSI on October 31, 2017.
ASME B31.9-2020 was approved by ANSI on September 16, 2020.
ASME B31 COMMITTEE
Code for Pressure Piping
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
C. Eskridge, Chair
K. A. Vilminot, Vice Chair
J. Oh, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
R. J. Appleby, Pipelines Consultant
K. C. Bodenhamer, TRC Pipeline Services
R. M. Bojarczuk, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co.
M. R. Braz, MRBraz and Associates, PLLC
M. Burkhart, The Burkhart Group, Inc.
R. Campbell, Bechtel
J. S. Chin, TC Energy
D. D. Christian, Victaulic
R. P. Deubler, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.
D. Diehl, Hexagon PPM
M. Engelkemier, Cargill