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ASME B31.5-2019
M00050901
New product
ASME B31.5-2019 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components
standard by ASME International, 03/06/2020
Full Description
ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922.ASME B31.5 covers refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320F (-196C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled. Users are advised that other piping Code Sections may provide requirements for refrigeration piping in their respective jurisdictions.
This Code does not apply to any self-contained or unit systems subject to the requirements of Underwriters Laboratories or other nationally recognized testing laboratory. It also does not apply to water piping; piping designed for external or internal gage pressure not exceeding 15 psi (105 kPa) regardless of size; or pressure vessels, compressors, or pumps. However, B31.5 does include all connecting refrigerant and secondary coolant piping starting at the first joint adjacent to such apparatus.
Key changes to this edition include revisions to sections on flange facings, bolting for cast iron flanges, and grey iron and malleable iron materials.
B31.5 prescribes comprehensive solutions for materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, testing and inspection. It also serves as a companion to ASME's B31.1 Code on Power Piping as well as to the other codes in ASME's B31 series. Together, they remain essential references for anyone engaged with piping.
Careful application of these B31 codes will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes.
Intended for designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers of refrigeration piping and heat transfer components.
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Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN INTERNA TIONAL PIPING C ODE®
ASME B31.5-2019
(Revision of ASME B31.5-2016)
ASME B31.5-2019
(Revision of ASME B31.5-2016)
Refrigeration
Piping and Heat Transfer Components
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN INTERNATIONAL PIPING CODE®
Date of Issuance: March 6, 2020
The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2022. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations are published on the Committee web page and under https://go.asme.org/Interpretations. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B31 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the B31 Committee Page at https://go.asme.org/B31committee as they are issued.
Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME website under the Committee Pages of the associated codes and standards to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.
The B31 Committee Page can be found at https://go.asme.org/B31committee. The associated B31 Committee Pages for each code and standard can be accessed from this main page. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competentand concerned interestshave had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at- large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2020 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Correspondence With the B31 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter I | Scope and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
500 | General Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1 |
Chapter II | Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
Part 1 | Conditions and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
501 | Design Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
502 | Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
Part 2 | Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
503 | Criteria for Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
504 | Pressure Design of Piping Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 23 |
Part 3 | Design Application of Piping Components Selection and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . | 33 |
505 | Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 33 |
506 | Fittings, Bends, and Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 34 |
507 | Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 34 |
508 | Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 34 |
Part 4 | Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
510 | Piping Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
511 | Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
512 | Flanged Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
513 | Expanded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
514 | Threaded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
515 | Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
517 | Brazed and Soldered Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
518 | Sleeve Coupled and Other Novel or Patented Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
Part 5 | Expansion, Flexibility, Structural Attachments, Supports, and Restraints . . . . . . . . | 36 |
519 | Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
520 | Design of Pipe Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 46 |
521 | Design Loads for Pipe Supporting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 47 |
Chapter III | Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 49 |
523 | Materials — General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 49 |
524 | Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 |
Chapter IV | Dimensional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 56 |
526 | Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard Piping Components . . . . . . . | 56 |
Chapter V | Fabrication and Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
iii
527 | Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 59 |
528 | Brazing and Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 66 |
529 | Bending — Hot and Cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 68 |
530 | Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 69 |
531 | Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 69 |
535 | Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 70 |
Chapter VI | Examination, Inspection, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 75 |
536 | Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 75 |
537 | Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 77 |
538 | Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 77 |
539 | Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 78 |
Mandatory Appendix
I Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Nonmandatory Appendices
A | Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 82 |
B | Selecting Applicable Piping Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 83 |
C | Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 85 |
Figures | ||
502.3.2-1 | Stress Range Reduction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 22 |
504.3.1-1 | Reinforcement of Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 26 |
504.3.1-2 | Extruded Outlet Header Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 28 |
504.3.1-3 | Mechanically Formed Tee Connections in Copper Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 30 |
504.5.3-1 | Blanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 33 |
519.4.5-1 | Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 44 |
519.4.5-2 | Branch Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 45 |
523.2.2-1 | Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing . . . . . . . . . . | 54 |
527.1.2-1 | Typical Joints With Backing Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
527.2.1-1 | Butt Welding End Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 60 |
527.2.1-2 | Internal Trimming for Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment . | 61 |
527.3.3-1 | Fillet Weld Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 62 |
527.3.3-2 | Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket Welding Flanges, and Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
527.3.3-3 | Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
527.3.5-1 | Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
527.3.5-2 | Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 63 |
527.3.5-3 | Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement . . . . . . . | 63 |
527.3.5-4 | Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 64 |
527.3.5-5 | Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 65 |
527.3.6-1 | Acceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 67 |
527.3.6-2 | Unacceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 68 |
iv
Tables | ||
500.2-1 | Refrigerant Safety Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 6 |
500.2-2 | Safety Classifications for Refrigerant Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
502.3.1-1 | Maximum Allowable Stress Values, ksi (Multiply by 1,000 to Obtain psi) . . . . . . . . . . . | 13 |
514-1 | Minimum Thickness of External Threaded Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
519.3.1-1 | Thermal Expansion Data, e (USC and SI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
519.3.2-1 | Moduli of Elasticity, E (USC and SI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
519.3.6-1 | Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 41 |
521.3.1-1 | Minimum Sizes of Straps, Rods, and Chains for Hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 48 |
523.1-1 | Acceptable Materials — Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 50 |
523.2.2-1 | Impact Exemption Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 55 |
526.1-1 | Dimensional Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 57 |
531.2.1-1 | Heat Treatment of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 72 |
C-1 | Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 86 |
v
FOREWORD
The need for a national code for pressure piping became increasingly evident from 1915 to 1925. To meet this need, the American Engineering Standards Committee [later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then changed to United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), and now known as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)] initiated project B31 in March 1926, at the request of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and with that Society the sole administrative sponsor. Because of the wide field involved, Sectional Committee B31, later changed to Standards Committee, was composed of representatives of some 40 different engineering societies, industries, government bureaus, institutes, and trade associations. After several years’ work, the first edition was published in 1935 as an American Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping.
In order to keep the Code abreast of current developments in piping design, welding, stress computations, new dimen- sional and material standards and specifications, and increases in the severity of service conditions, revisions, supple- ments, and new editions of the Code were published as follows:
Designator Title
B31.1-1942 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping B31.1a-1944 Supplement 1
B31.1b-1947 Supplement 2
B31.1-1951 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping B31.1a-1953 Supplement 1 to B31.1-1951
B31.1-1955 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping
In 1952, a new section of the Code was published to cover Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. In 1955, after a review by B31 Executive and Sectional Committees, a decision was made to develop and publish other industry sections as separate code documents of the American Standard Code for Pressure Piping.
The first edition of Refrigeration Piping was published as ASA B31.5-1962, superseding Section 5 of B31.1-1955. This Section was revised in 1966. Following approval by the Sectional Committee and the sponsor, this revision was approved by USASI on September 8, 1966, and designated USAS B31.5-1966. Revision of this Section was approved on April 18, 1974, by ANSI and designated ANSI B31.5-1974.
In December 1978, the American National Standards Committee B31 was reorganized as the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 Committee under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. The Code designation was also changed to ANSI/ASME B31.
Previous editions of this Code include those of 1983, 1987, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2006, 2010, 2013, and 2016. In this, the 2019 edition, additions and revisions have been made to the text, shown in the Summary of Changes page.