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ASME B31.1-2014
M00050941
New product
ASME B31.1-2014 Power Piping
standard by ASME International, August 2014
Full Description
Rules for this Code Section have been developed consideringthe needs for applications that include pipingtypically found in electric power generating stations, inindustrial and institutional plants, geothermal heatingsystems, and central and district heating and coolingsystems.Key changes to this revision include the relocation of the rules for nonmetallic piping and piping lined with nonmetals from a nonmandatory appendix to a mandatory appendix, selected language from Nonmandatory Appendix V has been moved into the body of the code in Chapter VII, the preheat and post weld heat treatment rules have been reformatted into tabular form for clarity, and cold forming rules for creep strength enhanced ferritic steels have been incorporated into Chapter V.
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ASME B31.1-2014
(Revision of ASME B31.1-2012)
Power Piping
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN INTERNA TIONAL PIPING C ODE ®
ASME B31.1-2014
(Revision of ASME B31.1-2012)
ASME B31.1-2014
(Revision of ASME B31.1-2012)
Power Piping
ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31
AN INTERNA TIONAL PIPING C ODE ®
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: August 15, 2014
The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2014 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword vii
Committee Roster viii
Introduction xii
Summary of Changes xiv
Chapter I | Scope and Definitions................................................... | 1 |
100 | General ............................................................... | 1 |
Chapter II | Design ................................................................. | 12 |
Part 1 | Conditions and Criteria ............................................... | 12 |
101 | Design Conditions ..................................................... | 12 |
102 | Design Criteria ........................................................ | 13 |
Part 2 | Pressure Design of Piping Components ............................... | 19 |
103 | Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components ..................... | 19 |
104 | Pressure Design of Components ....................................... | 19 |
Part 3 | Selection and Limitations of Piping Components ..................... | 34 |
105 | Pipe .................................................................. | 34 |
106 | Fittings, Bends, and Intersections ...................................... | 34 |
107 | Valves ................................................................ | 35 |
108 | Pipe Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting ............. | 36 |
Part 4 | Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints ............................ | 37 |
110 | Piping Joints .......................................................... | 37 |
111 | Welded Joints ......................................................... | 37 |
112 | Flanged Joints ......................................................... | 38 |
113 | Expanded or Rolled Joints ............................................. | 38 |
114 | Threaded Joints ....................................................... | 38 |
115 | Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints, and Unions .................. | 38 |
116 | Bell End Joints ........................................................ | 43 |
117 | Brazed and Soldered Joints ............................................ | 43 |
118 | Sleeve Coupled and Other Proprietary Joints ........................... | 43 |
Part 5 | Expansion, Flexibility, and Pipe Supporting Element .................. | 44 |
119 | Expansion and Flexibility .............................................. | 44 |
120 | Loads on Pipe Supporting Elements ................................... | 46 |
121 | Design of Pipe Supporting Elements ................................... | 47 |
Part 6 | Systems ............................................................... | 50 |
122 | Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Piping Systems ............. | 50 |
Chapter III | Materials............................................................... | 66 |
123 | General Requirements ................................................. | 66 |
124 | Limitations on Materials ............................................... | 67 |
125 | Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Materials ............................ | 69 |
Chapter IV 126 | Dimensional Requirements .............................................. Material Specifications and Standards for Standard and Nonstandard Piping Components ................................................. | 71 71 |
Chapter V | Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection...................................... | 79 |
127 | Welding ............................................................... | 79 |
128 | Brazing and Soldering ................................................. | 90 |
129 | Bending and Forming ................................................. | 92 |
130 | Requirements for Fabricating and Attaching Pipe Supports ............. | 93 |
131 | Welding Preheat ....................................................... | 95 |
iii
Postweld Heat Treatment 95
Stamping 102
Assembly 102
Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing 104
Inspection and Examination 104
Pressure Tests 108
Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance 111
General 111
Operation and Maintenance Procedures 111
Condition Assessment of CPS 111
CPS Records 112
Piping and Pipe-Support Maintenance Program and Personnel
Requirements 112
CPS Walkdowns 112
Material Degradation Mechanisms 112
Dynamic Loading 112
Figures
100.1.2(A.1) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Forced Flow
Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line 2
100.1.2(A.2) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water
Line 3
100.1.2(B) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum-Type Boilers 4
100.1.2(C) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Spray-Type Desuperheater 5
102.4.5 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends 17
104.3.1(D) Reinforcement of Branch Connections 24
104.3.1(G) Reinforced Extruded Outlets 28
104.5.3 Types of Permanent Blanks 31
104.8.4 Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading 33
122.1.7(C) Typical Globe Valves 55
122.4 Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement 59
127.3 Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment 80
127.4.2 Welding End Transition — Maximum Envelope 81
127.4.4(A) Fillet Weld Size 84
127.4.4(B) Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges; Some
Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds 85
127.4.4(C) Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding
Components Other Than Flanges 85
127.4.8(A) Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional
Reinforcement 85
127.4.8(B) Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement 85
127.4.8(C) Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement 85
127.4.8(D) Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details
Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds 86
127.4.8(E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings 87
127.4.8(F) Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 and
Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters 88
127.4.8(G) Typical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 and
Smaller Fittings 89
135.5.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads 103
iv
Tables 102.4.3 | Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors ............................. | 16 |
102.4.5 102.4.6(B.1.1) 102.4.6(B.2.2) | Bend Thinning Allowance ............................................. Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 41⁄2 in. (114 mm) or Less ................................................................ Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness Greater Than 41⁄2 in. (114 mm) ........................................................... | 17 18 19 |
102.4.7 | Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating the | |
Minimum Wall Thickness or Allowable Design Pressure of | ||
Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Fusion Weld ...... | 20 | |
104.1.2(A) | Values of y ............................................................ | 22 |
112 | Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ............... | 39 |
114.2.1 | Threaded Joints Limitations ............................................ | 43 |
121.5 | Suggested Steel Pipe Support Spacing .................................. | 48 |
121.7.2(A) | Carrying Capacity of Threaded ASTM A36, A575, and A576 | |
Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel ............................................. | 49 | |
122.2 | Design Pressure for Blowoff/Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEP | |
Valves .............................................................. | 56 | |
122.8.2(B) | Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping ......... | 63 |
126.1 | Specifications and Standards ........................................... | 72 |
127.4.2 | Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds ................... | 83 |
129.3.1 | Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures ............................. | 92 |
129.3.4.1 | Post Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements ..... | 94 |
131.4.1 | Preheat Temperatures .................................................. | 96 |
132 | Postweld Heat Treatment .............................................. | 97 |
132.1 | Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and | |
Low Alloy Steels, P-Nos. 1 and 3 .................................... | 98 | |
132.1.3 | Postweld Heat Treatment of P36/F36 ................................... | 98 |
132.2 | Exemptions to Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment .................... | 99 |
136.4 | Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure | |
Welds or Welds to Pressure-Retaining Components ................... | 106 | |
136.4.1 | Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination ......... | 107 |
Mandatory Appendices
A | Allowable Stress Tables ................................................ | 113 |
Table A-1, Carbon Steel ................................................ | 114 | |
Table A-2, Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ........................... | 126 | |
Table A-3, Stainless Steels ............................................. | 136 | |
Table A-4, Nickel and High Nickel Alloys .............................. | 166 | |
Table A-5, Cast Iron ................................................... | 178 | |
Table A-6, Copper and Copper Alloys .................................. | 180 | |
Table A-7, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ........................... | 184 | |
Table A-8, Temperatures 1,200°F and Above ............................ | 192 | |
Table A-9, Titanium and Titanium Alloys .............................. | 198 | |
Table A-10, Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ..................................... | 202 | |
B | Thermal Expansion Data .............................................. | 207 |
C | Moduli of Elasticity ................................................... | 216 |
D | Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ............................ | 222 |
F | Referenced Standards .................................................. | 229 |
G | Nomenclature ......................................................... | 233 |
H | Preparation of Technical Inquiries ...................................... | 240 |