Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries

ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD

ASME B31.4-2016

(Revision of ASME B31.4-2012)

ASME B31.4-2016

(Revision of ASME B31.4-2012)

Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries

ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

AN AMERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: March 31, 2016

The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance.

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CONTENTS

A436 Inspection 94

A437 Testing 95

A450 Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Liquid

and Slurry Transportation Piping Systems 95

A451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance 95

A452 Pump Station, Terminal, and Storage Facilities Operation and

Maintenance 96

A454 Emergency Plan 97

A460 General 97

A461 External Corrosion Control for Offshore Submerged Pipelines 97

A463 External Corrosion Control for Pipelines Exposed to Atmosphere 97

Table

A402.3.5-1 Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems 88

Chapter X Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems 99

B400 General Statements 99

B423 Materials — General Requirements 99

B434 Construction 99

B437 Testing 99

B451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance 99

B454 Emergency Plan 100

Chapter XI Slurry Pipeline Systems 101

C400 General Statements 101

C401 Loads 101

C403 Criteria for Pipelines 101

C404 Criteria for Fittings, Assemblies, and Other Components (Alternatively,

Criteria for Components) 102

C423 Materials — General Requirements 102

C426 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard Piping

Components 102

C434 Construction 102

C437 Testing 104

C451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance 104

C454 Emergency Plan 104

C457 Abandoning a Piping System 104

C460 General 104

C461 External Corrosion Control for Buried or Submerged Pipelines 104

C468 Records 104

Tables

C423.1-1 Material Standards 103

C423.1-2 Material Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From

Table 423.1-1 103

C426.1-2 Dimensional Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems From

Table 426.1-1 103

Mandatory Appendix

I Referenced Standards 105

Nonmandatory Appendices

1. Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the B31 Pressure Piping Committee 108

2. Publications That Do Not Appear in the Code or Mandatory

Appendix I but May Be of Informational Benefit 110

Index 111

FOREWORD

The need for a national code for pressure piping became increasingly evident from 1915 to 1925. To meet this need, the American Engineering Standards Committee (later changed to the American Standards Association [ASA]) initiated Project B31 in March 1926 at the request of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and with that society as sole sponsor. After several years’ work by Sectional Committee B31 and its subcommittees, a first edition was published in 1935 as an American Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping.

A revision of the original tentative standard was begun in 1937. Several more years’ effort was given to securing uniformity between sections and to eliminating divergent requirements and discrepancies, as well as to keeping the code abreast of current developments in welding technique, stress computations, and references to new dimensional and material standards. During this period, a new section was added on refrigeration piping, prepared in cooperation with The American Society of Refrigeration Engineers (ASRE) and complementing the American Standard Code for Mechanical Refrigeration. This work culminated in the 1942 American Standard Code for Pressure Piping.

Supplements 1 and 2 of the 1942 code, which appeared in 1944 and 1947, respectively, introduced new dimensional and material standards, a new formula for pipe wall thickness, and more comprehensive requirements for instrument and control piping. Shortly after the 1942 code was issued, procedures were established for handling inquiries that require explanation or interpreta- tion of code requirements, and for publishing such inquiries and answers in Mechanical Engineering for the information of all concerned.

Continuing increases in the severity of service conditions, with concurrent developments of new materials and designs equal to meeting these higher requirements, had pointed to the need by 1948 for more extensive changes in the code than could be provided by supplements alone. The decision was reached by ASA and the sponsor to reorganize the Sectional Committee and its several subcommittees, and to invite the various interested bodies to reaffirm their representa- tives or to designate new ones. Following its reorganization, Sectional Committee B31 made an intensive review of the 1942 code, and a revised code was approved and published in February 1951 with the designation ASA B31.1-1951, which included

1. a general revision and extension of requirements to agree with practices current at the time

2. revision of references to existing dimensional standards and material specifications, and the addition of references to new ones

3. clarification of ambiguous or conflicting requirements

Supplement No. 1 to B31.1 was approved and published in 1953 as ASA B31.1a-1953. This Supplement and other approved revisions were included in a new edition of B31.1 published in 1955 with the designation ASA B31.1-1955.

A review by B31 Executive and Sectional Committees in 1955 resulted in a decision to develop and publish industry sections as separate code documents of the American Standard B31 Code for Pressure Piping. ASA B31.4-1959 was the first separate code document for Oil Transportation Piping Systems and superseded that part of Section 3 of the B31.1-1955 code covering oil transportation piping systems. In 1966, B31.4 was revised to expand coverage on welding, inspec- tion, and testing, and to add new chapters covering construction requirements and operation and maintenance procedures affecting the safety of the piping systems. This revision was published with the designation USAS B31.4-1966, Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping Systems, since ASA was reconstituted as the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1966.

USASI changed its name, effective October 6, 1969, to the American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI), and USAS B31.4-1966 was redesignated as ANSI B31.4-1966. The B31 Sectional Committee was redesignated as American National Standards Committee B31 Code for Pressure Piping, and, because of the wide field involved, more than 40 different engineering societies,

government bureaus, trade associations, institutes, and the like had one or more representatives on Standards Committee B31, plus a few ‘‘Individual Members’’ to represent general interests. Code activities were subdivided according to the scope of the several sections, and general direction of Code activities rested with Standards Committee B31 officers and an Executive Committee whose membership consisted principally of Standards Committee officers and chairmen of the Section and Technical Specialists Committees.

The ANSI B31.4-1966 Code was revised and published in 1971 with the designation ANSI B31.4-1971.

The ANSI B31.4-1971 Code was revised and published in 1974 with the designation ANSI B31.4-1974.

In December 1978, American National Standards Committee B31 was converted to an ASME Committee with procedures accredited by ANSI. The 1979 revision was approved by ASME and subsequently by ANSI on November 1, 1979, with the designation ANSI/ASME B31.4-1979. Following publication of the 1979 Edition, the B31.4 Section Committee began work on expanding the scope of the Code to cover requirements for the transportation of liquid alcohols. References to existing dimensional standards and material specifications were revised, and new references were added. Other clarifying and editorial revisions were made in order to improve the text. These revisions led to the publication of two addenda to B31.4. Addenda ‘‘b’’ to B31.4 was approved and published in 1981 as ANSI/ASME B31.4b-1981. Addenda ‘‘c’’ to B31.4 was

approved and published in 1986 as ANSI/ASME B31.4c-1986.

The 1986 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of the two previously published addenda into the 1979 Edition.

Following publication of the 1986 Edition, clarifying and editorial revisions were made to improve the text. Additionally, references to existing standards and material specifications were revised, and new references were added. These revisions led to the publication of an addenda to B31.4 that was approved and published in 1987 as ASME/ANSI B31.4a-1987.

The 1989 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of the previously published addenda into the 1986 Edition.

Following publication of the 1989 Edition, clarifying revisions were made to improve the text. Additionally, references to existing standards and material specifications were revised and updated. These revisions led to the publication of an addenda to B31.4 that was approved and published in 1991 as ASME B31.4a-1991.

The 1992 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of the previously published addenda into the 1989 Edition and a revision to valve maintenance. The 1992 Edition was approved by ANSI on December 15, 1992, and designated as ASME B31.4-1992 Edition.

The 1998 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of the previously published addenda into the 1992 Edition. Also included in this Edition were other revisions and the addition of Chapter IX