No products
View larger
ASME PTC 22-2014
M00052371
New product
ASME PTC 22-2014 Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines
standard by ASME International, 12/31/2014
Full Description
This Code provides for the testing of gas turbinessupplied with gaseous or liquid fuels (or solid fuelsconverted to liquid or gas prior to entrance to the gasturbine). Tests of gas turbines with emission controland/or power augmentation devices, such as injectionfluids and inlet-conditioning, are included. It may beapplied to gas turbines in combined cycle plants or withother heat recovery systems.In stock
More info
Gas Turbines
Performance Test Codes
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME PTC 22-2014
(Revision of ASME PTC 22-2005)
ASME PTC 22-2014
(Revision of ASME PTC 22-2005)
Gas Turbines
Performance Test Codes
AN AMERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: December 31, 2014
This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the PTC Committee Page at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee as they are issued.
Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.
The PTC Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2014 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Notice v
Foreword vi
Committee Roster vii
Correspondence With the PTC Committee viii
Section 1 | Object and Scope .......................................................... | 1 |
1-1 | Object .................................................................... | 1 |
1-2 | Scope .................................................................... | 1 |
1-3 | Test Uncertainty .......................................................... | 1 |
1-4 | Other Requirements and References ....................................... | 2 |
Section 2 | Definitions and Descriptions of Terms ....................................... | 3 |
2-1 | General .................................................................. | 3 |
2-2 | Definitions ............................................................... | 3 |
Section 3 | Guiding Principles ......................................................... | 7 |
3-1 | Agreements .............................................................. | 7 |
3-2 | Preparations for Test ...................................................... | 10 |
3-3 | Conduct of Test ........................................................... | 11 |
3-4 | Test Records .............................................................. | 12 |
3-5 | Test Validity .............................................................. | 12 |
3-6 | Uncertainty ............................................................... | 13 |
Section 4 | Instruments and Methods of Measurement .................................. | 15 |
4-1 | General Requirements .................................................... | 15 |
4-2 | Pressure Measurement .................................................... | 19 |
4-3 | Temperature Measurement ................................................ | 22 |
4-4 | Gas Fuel Heat Input ...................................................... | 26 |
4-5 | Liquid Fuel Heat Input ................................................... | 29 |
4-6 | Electrical Generation Measurement ........................................ | 31 |
4-7 | Mechanical Power Measurement .......................................... | 36 |
4-8 | Speed Measurement ...................................................... | 36 |
4-9 | Humidity Measurement ................................................... | 36 |
4-10 | Heat Losses .............................................................. | 37 |
4-11 | Other Measurements ...................................................... | 37 |
Section 5 | Computation of Results..................................................... | 39 |
5-1 | Electrical Power Calculations .............................................. | 39 |
5-2 | Mechanical Power Output Calculation ..................................... | 41 |
5-3 | Heat Rate Calculations .................................................... | 41 |
5-4 | Correction of Test Results — Fundamental Performance Equations ......... | 44 |
5-5 | Application of Correction Factors ......................................... | 46 |
5-6 | Degradation .............................................................. | 48 |
Section 6 | Report of Results .......................................................... | 49 |
6-1 | General Requirements .................................................... | 49 |
6-2 | Summary ................................................................. | 49 |
6-3 | Test Description .......................................................... | 49 |
6-4 | Test Equipment ........................................................... | 49 |
6-5 | Calculations and Results .................................................. | 49 |
6-6 | Appendices ............................................................... | 49 |
iii
Section 7 | Test Uncertainty ........................................................... | 50 |
7-1 | Introduction .............................................................. | 50 |
7-2 | Understanding Test Uncertainty ........................................... | 50 |
7-3 | Unit Output and Thermal Efficiency ....................................... | 53 |
7-4 | Comparative Testing Uncertainty .......................................... | 61 |
7-5 | Uncertainty of Flow Calculation From Heat Balance ....................... | 62 |
Figures | ||
3-1.5.1-1 | Generic Test Boundaries .................................................. | 9 |
4-2.3.8-1 | Five-Way Manifold for Differential Pressure (DP) Instruments .............. | 20 |
4-2.3.9-1 | Differential Pressure (DP) Correction for Flow on Nonhorizontal Lines ..... | 21 |
4-3.2.1-1 | Four-Wire RTDs .......................................................... | 22 |
4-3.2.1-2 | Three-Wire RTDs ......................................................... | 22 |
4-4.2-1 | Generic Gas Fuel Test Boundary .......................................... | 27 |
4-5.2-1 | Generic Liquid Fuel Test Boundary ........................................ | 30 |
4-6.2.1-1 | Two-Meter Metering System for Use on Three-Wire Delta Connected | |
Power Systems ......................................................... | 32 | |
4-6.2.1-2 | Two-Meter Metering System for Use on Three-Wire Wye Connected | |
Power Systems ......................................................... | 32 | |
4-6.2.2-1 | Three-Meter Metering System for Use on Four-Wire Power Systems ........ | 33 |
7-2.1.1-1 | Illustration of Measurement Errors ........................................ | 51 |
7-2.4-1 | Test Uncertainty Diagram ................................................. | 52 |
Tables | ||
2-2.1-1 | Symbols .................................................................. | 5 |
2-2.1-2 | Subscripts ................................................................ | 6 |
3-1.5.2-1 | Required Measurements .................................................. | 9 |
3-3.5-1 | Maximum Permissible Variations in Operating Conditions ................. | 12 |
4-1.2.1-1 | Maximum Allowable Measurement Uncertainties .......................... | 15 |
5-3.1.1-1 | Typical Values for Unit Conversion Factor, N1, Using Common Units of Measure ................................................................ | 42 |
5-3.1.3-1 | Typical Values for Unit Conversion Factor, N2, Using Common Units of Measure ................................................................ | 43 |
5-4-1 | Summary of Additive Correction Factors for Power Fundamental | |
Performance Equation .................................................. | 45 | |
5-4-2 | Summary of Correction Factors in All Fundamental Performance | |
Equations .............................................................. | 45 | |
7-3.1-1 | Step 1: Code Limit Uncertainty (Example) ................................. | 54 |
7-3.1-2 | Step 2: Pretest Uncertainty Calculation (Example) .......................... | 55 |
7-3.1-3 | Step 3: Post-test Uncertainty Calculation (Example) ........................ | 56 |
7-3.3.2.2-1 | Heat Input Uncertainty for Mass Flow Meter .............................. | 60 |
7-3.3.3-1 | Heat Input Uncertainties for Liquid Fuel .................................. | 60 |
7-4.3-1 | Comparative Test Example ................................................ | 62 |
7-5.4-1 | Exhaust Flow Uncertainty ................................................. | 63 |
7-5.6-1 | Exhaust Energy Uncertainty ............................................... | 64 |
Mandatory Appendix
I Determination of Gas Turbine Exhaust Energy, Flow, and Temperature 65
Nonmandatory Appendices
Sample Calculations 88
PTC Uncertainty Estimates From ASTM Repeatability and Reproducibility
Data 96
References 99
iv
NOTICE
All Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, General Instructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code.
ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncer- tainty analysis.
When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equip- ment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made.
v
FOREWORD
The original Performance Test Codes Committee No. 22 was established in 1945 to develop a test code on Gas Turbine Power Plants. This initial Code was published in 1953. Subsequent versions of the Code were published in 1966 and 1985, each time incorporating latest practices in accordance with the directives of PTC 1, General Instructions.
The 1997 version addressed for the first time the issue of measurement uncertainty, and also recognized the significant advances in gas turbine and instrumentation technologies.
The efforts on the 2005 version began during the publication period of the 1997 Code. Its objectives were to develop procedures for comparative (back-to-back, or before and after) testing and for determining exhaust flow and energy for heat recovery applications. The 2005 version incorporated these procedures, as well as updated calculations in many areas to reduce the uncertainty of the results.
Work on the current edition began in 2007. The key objectives of this revision were to correct errors and omissions, provide harmonization with other codes and standards, and provide clarifi- cation to the intent of the Code as a result of industry feedback and interpretations to the 2005 version. Some of the most significant changes included incorporating the methodology for determination of gas turbine exhaust energy, flow, and temperature into mandatory sections and a mandatory appendix when these performance results are part of the object of the Code. Similarly, when comparative performance is a test goal, the requirements and guidelines for comparative testing are included in mandatory sections of the Code. As a result of advances in instrumentation, Section 4 was revised to include additional flow metering technology. Section 7 on Test Uncertainty was revised to provide compliance with the methodology for determination of uncertainty used in the revised PTC 19.1, Test Uncertainty and incorporate the most current engineering analysis and experience.
This Code was approved and adopted as an American National Standard on June 9, 2014.
vi
ASME PTC COMMITTEE
Performance Test Codes
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
P. G. Albert, Chair
J. W. Milton, Vice Chair
J. H. Karian, Secretary
P. G. Albert, Consultant
R. P. Allen, Consultant
J. M. Burns, Burns Engineering
W. C. Campbell, True North Consulting, LLC
M. J. Dooley, Alstom Power
G. J. Gerber, Consultant
P. M. Gerhart, University of Evansville
R. E. Henry, Sargent & Lundy
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
J. W. Milton, Chevron USA
S. P. Nuspl, Consultant
R. Priestley, Consultant
A. Scavuzzo, The Babcock & Wilcox Co.
C. Heil, Alternate, The Babcock & Wilcox Co.
J. A. Silvaggio, Jr., Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomachinery, Inc.
T. L. Toburen, Consultant
G. E. Weber, Midwest Generation EME, LLC
W. C. Wood, Duke Energy
R. L. Bannister, Honorary Member, Consultant
J. H. Karian, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. R. Keyser, Survice Engineering
T. K. Kirkpatrick, McHale & Associates, Inc.
S. Korellis, Electric Power Reasearch Institute
M. McHale, McHale & Associates, Inc.
W. O. Hays, Honorary Member, Consultant
R. Jorgensen, Honorary Member, Consultant
F. H. Light, Honorary Member, Consultant
P. M. McHale, Honorary Member, McHale & Associates, Inc.
R. E. Sommerlad, Honorary Member, Consultant
T. Wheelock, Chair, McHale & Associates, Inc.
E. V. Hoyer, Vice Chair, Siemens Energy, Inc.
PTC 22 COMMITTEE — GAS TURBINES
L. Penna, Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis Ltd.
A. R. Shah, Black & Veatch
L. Powers, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
R. P. Allen, Consultant
C. R. Ban˜ares, General Electric Power & Water
M. S. Boulden, Bechtel Power Corp.