No products
View larger
ASME PTC 18-2011
M00052533
New product
ASME PTC 18-2011 Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines
standard by ASME International, 06/10/2011
Full Description
PTC 18-2011 applies to all sizes and types of hydraulic turbines or pump-turbines. It defines methods for ascertaining performance by measuring flow rate (discharge), head, and power, from which efficiency may be determined. Requirements are included for pretest arrangements, types of instrumentation, methods of measurement, testing procedures, methods of calculation, and contents of test reports.This new Standard-addressing this significant form of renewable energy-contains updated, accurate and reliable test techniques for continuous performance improvement in response to concerns over cost, delivery and impact on global climate of traditional energy sources. The test methods contained in this Standard were selected according to their applicability to contemporary test requirements and frequency of use. They are presented with increased emphasis on electronic data acquisition and, in case of the Ultrasonic Method, increasing flow-measurement accuracy with additional paths.
This Standard also has been updated with revised illustrations and new Tables. Test methods of declining applicability, such as the volumetric and pressure-time Gibson flow-measurement method, have been deleted.
Intended for hydro power-plant personnel involved with all aspects of power production, with special emphasis on testing the turbines to determine performance characteristics, namely head, power, flow rate and efficiency.
In stock
More info
ASME PTC 18-2011
(Revision of ASME PTC 18-2002)
Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines
Performance Test Codes
A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
ASME PTC 18-2011
(Revision of ASME PTC 18-2002)
ASME PTC 18-2011
(Revision of ASME PTC 18-2002)
Hydraulic Turbines and Pump-Turbines
Performance Test Codes
AN INTERNATIONAL CODE
Three Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA
Date of Issuance: June 10, 2011
The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2016. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at https://cstools.asme.org as they are issued.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not approve, rate, orendorse any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2011 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Notice v
Foreword vi
Committee Roster viii
Correspondence With the PTC 18 Committee ix
Section 1 | Object and Scope .................................................................................................................................... | 1 |
1-1 | Object ............................................................................................................................................................... | 1 |
1-2 | Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ | 1 |
1-3 | Uncertainties .................................................................................................................................................. | 1 |
Section 2 | Definitions and Descriptions of Terms .................................................................................................... | 2 |
2-1 | Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... | 2 |
2-2 | International System of Units (SI) ............................................................................................................... | 2 |
2-3 | Tables and Figures ......................................................................................................................................... | 2 |
2-4 | Reference Elevation, Zc ................................................................................................................................. | 2 |
2-5 | Centrifugal Pumps ........................................................................................................................................ | 2 |
2-6 | Subscripts Used Throughout the Code ...................................................................................................... | 3 |
Section 3 | Guiding Principles ................................................................................................................................... | 26 |
3-1 | General ............................................................................................................................................................ | 26 |
3-2 | Preparations for Testing ................................................................................................................................ | 26 |
3-3 | Tests ................................................................................................................................................................. | 28 |
3-4 | Instruments ..................................................................................................................................................... | 29 |
3-5 | Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................................... | 29 |
3-6 | Data Records .................................................................................................................................................. | 29 |
Section 4 | Instruments and Methods of Measurement ............................................................................................ | 32 |
4-1 | General ............................................................................................................................................................ | 32 |
4-2 | Electronic Data Acquisition .......................................................................................................................... | 32 |
4-3 | Head and Pressure Measurement ............................................................................................................... | 33 |
4-4 | Flow Measurement ........................................................................................................................................ | 37 |
4-5 | Power Measurement ..................................................................................................................................... | 58 |
4-6 | Speed Measurement ...................................................................................................................................... | 62 |
4-7 | Time Measurement ........................................................................................................................................ | 63 |
Section 5 | Computation of Results ........................................................................................................................... | 64 |
5-1 | Measured Values: Data Reduction ............................................................................................................. | 64 |
5-2 | Conversion of Test Results to Specified Conditions ................................................................................. | 64 |
5-3 | Evaluation of Uncertainty ............................................................................................................................ | 65 |
5-4 | Comparison With Guarantees ..................................................................................................................... | 65 |
Section 6 | Final Report ............................................................................................................................................. | 67 |
6-1 | Responsibility of Chief of Test ..................................................................................................................... | 67 |
6-2 | Parties to the Test ........................................................................................................................................... | 67 |
6-3 | Acceptance Tests ............................................................................................................................................ | 67 |
Figures | ||
2-3-1 | Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Machine With | |
Spiral Case and Pressure Conduit ............................................................................................................ | 20 | |
2-3-2 | Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Machine | |
With Semi-Spiral Case ................................................................................................................................ | 21 | |
2-3-3 | Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Bulb Machine.............................................................. | 22 |
2-3-4 | Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Horizontal Shaft Impulse | |
Turbine (One or Two Jets) ......................................................................................................................... | 23 |
iii
2-3-5 | Head Definition, Measurement and Calibration, Vertical Shaft Impulse Turbine................................. | 24 |
2-4-1 | Reference Elevation, Zc, of Turbines and Pump-Turbines ......................................................................... | 25 |
3-5.3-1 | Limits of Permissible Deviations From Specified Operating Conditions in Turbine Mode................. | 30 |
3-5.3-2 | Limits of Permissible Deviations From Specified Operating Conditions in Pump Mode.................... | 31 |
4-3.14-1 | Pressure Tap...................................................................................................................................................... | 35 |
4-3.15-1 | Calibration Connections for Pressure Gages or Pressure Transducers.................................................... | 36 |
4-4.3.4-1 | Example of Digital Pressure–Time Signal .................................................................................................... | 41 |
4-4.4.1-1 | Ultrasonic Method: Diagram to Illustrate Principle ................................................................................... | 43 |
4-4.4.1-2 | Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an 8-Path | |
Flowmeter in a Circular Conduit .............................................................................................................. | 44 | |
4-4.4.3-1 | Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers ........................................................................ | 46 |
4-4.4.4-1 | Distortion of the Velocity Profile Caused by Protruding Transducers .................................................... | 47 |
4-4.4.6-1 | Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an | |
18-Path Flowmeter in a Circular Conduit................................................................................................ | 49 | |
4-4.4.6-2 | Ultrasonic Method: Typical Arrangement of Transducers for an 18-Path | |
Flowmeter in a Rectangular Conduit ....................................................................................................... | 50 | |
4-4.4.11-1 | Locations for Measurements of D ................................................................................................................. | 52 |
4-4.5.1-1 | Schematic Representation of Dye Dilution Technique............................................................................... | 54 |
4-4.5.2.1-1 | Experimental Results: Allowable Variation in Tracer Concentration ...................................................... | 55 |
4-4.5.5-1 | Typical Chart Recording During Sampling ................................................................................................. | 57 |
4-5.1-1 | Three-Wattmeter Connection Diagram ........................................................................................................ | 59 |
4-5.1-2 | Two-Wattmeter Connection Diagram........................................................................................................... | 60 |
4-5.1-3 | Measuring Instrument Burden ...................................................................................................................... | 61 |
Tables | ||
2-2-1 | Conversion Factors Between SI Units and U.S. Customary Units of Measure....................................... | 3 |
2-3-1 | Letter Symbols and Definitions ..................................................................................................................... | 4 |
2-3-2M | Acceleration of Gravity as a Function of Latitude and Elevation, SI Units (m/s2)................................ | 10 |
2-3-2 | Acceleration of Gravity as a Function of Latitude and Elevation, | |
U.S. Customary Units (ft/sec2).................................................................................................................. | 11 | |
2-3-3M | Vapor Pressure of Distilled Water as a Function of Temperature, SI Units (kPa) .................................. | 11 |
2-3-3 | Vapor Pressure of Distilled Water as a Function of Temperature, | |
U.S. Customary Units (lbf/in.2)................................................................................................................. | 12 | |
2-3-4M | Density of Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure, SI Units (kg/m3)................................... | 13 |
2-3-4 | Density of Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure, | |
U.S. Customary Units (slug/ft3)................................................................................................................ | 14 | |
2-3-5 | Coefficients Ii, Ji, and ni ................................................................................................................................... | 15 |
2-3-6M | Density of Dry Air, SI Units (kg/m3) ............................................................................................................ | 16 |
2-3-6 | Density of Dry Air, U.S. Customary Units (slug/ft3) ................................................................................. | 16 |
2-3-7M | Density of Mercury, SI Units (kg/m3)........................................................................................................... | 17 |
2-3-7 | Density of Mercury, U.S. Customary Units (slugs/ft3) .............................................................................. | 18 |
2-3-8M | Atmospheric Pressure, SI Units (kPa) .......................................................................................................... | 19 |
2-3-8 | Atmospheric Pressure, U.S. Customary Units (lbf/in.2)............................................................................ | 19 |
4-4.4.2-1 | Integration Parameters for Ultrasonic Method: | |
Four Paths in One Plane or Eight Paths in Two Planes ......................................................................... | 45 | |
4-4.4.6-1 | Integration Parameters for Ultrasonic Method: 18 Paths in Two Planes................................................. | 51 |
Nonmandatory Appendices
Typical Values of Uncertainty 69
Uncertainty Analysis 70
Outliers 74
Relative Flow Measurement–Index Test 75
Derivation of the Pressure–Time Flow Integral 81
iv
NOTICE
All Performance Test Codes MUST adhere to the requirements of PTC 1, GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. The fol- lowing information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of this Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cognizant of Parts I and III of PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code.
ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures which yield results of the highest level of accuracy con- sistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests. They specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis.
When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made.
v
FOREWORD
The “Rules for Conducting Tests of Waterwheels” was one of a group of ten test codes published by the ASME in 1915. The Pelton Water Wheel Company published a testing code for hydraulic turbines, which was approved by the Machinery Builders’ Society on October 11, 1917. This code included the brine velocity method of measuring flow wherein the time of passage of an injection of brine was detected by electrical resistance. Also in October 1917, the Council of the ASME authorized the appointment of a joint committee to undertake the task of revising the “Rules for Conducting Tests of Waterwheels.” The joint committee consisted of thirteen members, four from the ASME and three each from ASCE, AIEE, and NELA (National Electric Light Association). The code was printed in the April 1922 issue of Mechanical Engineering in preliminary form. It was approved in the final revised form at the June 1923 meeting of the Main Committee and was later approved and adopted by the ASME Council as a standard practice of the Society.
Within three years the 1923 revised edition was out of print and a second revision was ordered by the Main Committee. In November 1925, the ASME Council appointed a new committee, the Power Test Codes Individual Committee No. 18 on Hydraulic Power Plants. This committee organized itself quickly and completed a redraft of the code in time for a discussion with the advisory on Prime Movers of the IEC at the New York meeting later in April 1926. The code was redrafted in line with this discussion and was approved by the Main Committee in March 1927. It was approved and adopted by the ASME Council as the standard practice of the Society on April 14, 1927.
In October 1931 the ASME Council approved personnel for a newly organized committee, Power Test Codes Individual Committee No. 18 on Hydraulic Prime Movers, to undertake revision of the 1927 test code. The commit- tee c