Methods for Performance Evaluation of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathes and Turning Centers

AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD

ASME B5.57-2012

[Revision of ASME B5.57-1998 (R2006)]

ASME B5.57-2012

[Revision of ASME B5.57-1998 (R2006)]

Methods for Performance Evaluation of Computer Numerically Controlled Lathes and Turning Centers

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: May 3, 2013

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CONTENTS

Foreword vi

Committee Roster vii

Correspondence With the B5 Committee viii

iii

7.5.8.2-1 Typical Setup for Periodic Angular Error Measurement Using Mechanical Means 60

7.6.3-1 Test Setups for Measuring Spindle Error Motions in the Case of Fixed

Sensitive Direction 62

7.6.4-1 Test Setup for Measuring Spindle Error Motions in the Case of Rotating

Sensitive Direction 64

7.6.4-2 Spindle Test Setup With an Eccentric Ball 65

7.7.2.1-1 Sensor Data From a Typical Spindle Thermal Warm-Up Test 67

7.7.2.1-2 Tilts of the Axis Average Line, Spindle Warm-Up Test 68

7.7.3.1-1 Path for Measuring Thermal Distortion Caused by Moving Linear Axes 69

7.7.3.2-1 Position Error Versus Time for a Typical Test for Thermal Distortion Caused by a

Moving Linear Axis 70

7.7.4.1-1 Typical Results From a Composite Thermal Error Test 72

7.8.2.1-1 Setup for Measuring Squareness of the Cross-Slide to the Work Spindle Using a

Mechanical Straightedge 74

7.8.2.1-2 Schematic Showing the Angles Involved When Measuring Cross-Slide Squareness to

the Spindle Axis 74

7.8.2.1-3 Typical Data From a Cross-Slide Out-of-Squareness Measurement 75

7.8.2.2-1 Two Views of the Cylinder Used for Measuring Machine Out-of-Squareness

and Parallelism 76

7.8.2.2-2 Part-Trace Test Past Centers to Determine Cross-Slide Squareness With the Spindle Axis 77

7.8.2.2-3 Typical Data From a Cross-Slide Out-of-Squareness Measurement by

Part Tracing Past Center 77

7.8.2.3-1 Cylinder Reversal for Cross-Slide Squareness 78

7.8.3.1-1 Setup for Straightedge Rotation on a Vertical Spindle Lathe for Measuring Z-Axis

Parallelism to the C-Axis 78

7.8.3.1-2 Setup for Straightedge Rotation on a Horizontal Spindle Lathe for Measuring Z-Axis

Parallelism to the C-Axis 79

7.8.3.2-1 Z-Slide Parallelism Schematic Showing the Test Cylinder 79

7.8.3.2-2 Typical Data From a Parallelism Measurement Using the Turned Cylinder Method 80

7.8.4-1 Dual Straightness Measurement for Parallelism 81

7.8.4-2 Graphing of Both Straightness Measurements for Twice the Angle of Parallelism 81

7.8.4-3 Setup for Measuring Long-Range Parallelism of the Z-Axis in the Case of a

Vertically Traversing Axis 82

7.9.2-1 Typical Setup for a 360-deg Ball Bar Test 84

7.9.2-2 Typical Results From a 360-deg Ball Bar Test 84

7.9.3-1 The Ball Bar Setup for the 190-deg Test on a Lathe 85

7.9.3-2 Typical Results From a 190-deg Ball Bar Test on a Lathe 85

7.9.4-1 Typical Ball Bar Setup for a 100-deg Test 86

7.9.4-2 Typical Results of a 100-deg Ball Bar Test 87

7.10.2-1 A Typical Plot of the Power Loss in the Spindle Idle Run Loss Test 88

8.2-1 Illustration of Angularity and Offset Between Two Axes of Rotation 89

8.2.1-1 Typical Setup for the Rim-and-Face Test 90

8.2.1-2 Setup for Measuring the Sag of a Pair of Indicators 90

8.2.2-1 Typical Setup for the Reverse Indicator Method 91

8.2.3-1 Rotation Axes Alignment Using an Optical Alignment Laser 92

8.2.4-1 Two-Sphere Setup for the Alignment of Two Rotation Axes 93

8.2.5-1 Schematic of the Measurement of Parallelism of the Z-Axis to the Axis of a

Movable Tail Stock 93

8.2.5.1-1 Setup for Measuring Tail Stock Alignment Using the In-Feed (Z) Axis 94

8.3.1-1 Tool Holders Used for Tool-Change Repeatability 95

8.3.2-1 Example Tool Holders to Be Used for Turret Repeatability 96

8.4.2-1 Test Part for Determining the Location of a Tool-Setting System and

Tool-Setting-System Drift 98

8.6.2-1 Approximate Location of Probed Points, Depending on Probe Configuration,

When Measuring a Machined Test Part 100

8.6.3-1 Approximate Location of Probed Points, Depending on Probe Configuration,

When Measuring a Test Sphere 101

iv

v

FOREWORD

The primary purpose of this Standard is to provide procedures for the performance evaluation of computer numerically controlled (CNC) lathes and turning centers. These procedures are used to evaluate conformance to specifications, to compare machines, to periodically reverify the suitability of production machines, and to reverify performance of machines after repair or modification. Definitions, environmental requirements, and test methods are specified. This Standard defines the test methods capable of yielding adequate results for most turning centers but is not intended to supplement more complete tests that may be required for particular special applications. This Standard does not address issues of machine safety.

Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Attn: Secretary, B5 Standards Committee; Two Park Avenue; New York, NY 10016-5990.

This revision was approved as an American National Standard on November 30, 2012.

vi

ASME B5 COMMITTEE

Machine Tools — Components, Elements,

Performance, and Equipment

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

S. G. Wallace, Chair

C. J. Gomez, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

J. A. Babinsky, Contributing Member, Danaher Motion C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

A. M. Bratkovich, Consultant D. Mancini, Edmunds Gages

J. B. Bryan, Honorary Member, Consultant J. A. Soons, National Institute of Standards and Technology

H. M. Byrnes, The Babcock & Wilcox Co. R. C. Spooner, Powerhold, Inc.

H. Cooper, Honorary Member, Consultant D. Springhorn, Diebold Goldring Tooling, USA

J. D. Drescher, UTC — Pratt & Whitney S. G. Wallace, The Boeing Co.

D. A. Felinski, B11 Standards, LLC

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 52 — MACHINE TOOL PERFORMANCE

J. D. Drescher, Chair, UTC — Pratt & Whitney J. A. Soons, Alternate, National Institute of Standards and Technology

P. L. Freeman, Vice Chair, The Boeing Co. R. J. Hocken, Contributing Member, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

D. Ajao, General Motors Technical Center L. Koch, Bourn & Koch, Inc.

A. M. Bailey, Renishaw, Inc. G. Lawson, Hardinge, Inc.

C. Warren, Alternate, Renishaw, Inc. E. Kushnir, Alternate, Hardinge, Inc.

A. M. Bratkovich, Consultant C. D. Lovett, Consultant

J. B. Bryan, Consultant D. L. Martin, Contributing Member, Lion Precision

R. P. Callaghan, Jr., Independent Quality Labs, Inc. J. Nilsson, Precision Measuring Corp.

M. A. Cummings, Techsolve M. Omari, Consultant

M. Dassanayake, Sankyo Seisakusho Co. M. R. Stallings, Northrop Grumman Corp.

T. Davis, Contributing Member, United Launch Alliance C. P. Wang, Optodyne, Inc.

C. W. Dickson, Consol Metrology Service, Inc. L. Yang, Electroimpact, Inc.

A. Donmez, National Institute of Standards and Technology

vii

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B5 COMMITTEE

General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by proposing revisions and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:

Secretary, B5 Standards Committee

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue

New York, NY 10016-5990

https://go.asme.org/Inquiry

Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.

Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page.

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