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ASME B18.8.2-2020
M00052822
New product
ASME B18.8.2-2020 Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight Pins, Grooved Pins, and Spring Pins (Inch Series)
standard by ASME International, 12/21/2020
Full Description
This Standard is intended to cover the complete dimensional and general data for taper pins, dowel pins, straight pins, grooved pins, and spring pins recognized as American National Standard, which are widely used in general industrial applications. Also included are appendices providing supplementary information for the drilling of holes for taper pins and the testing of pins in double shear. The inclusion of dimensional data in this Standard is not intended to imply that all of the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning availability of product.In stock
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Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight Pins, Grooved Pins, and Spring Pins (Inch Series)
AN A MERICAN NA TIONAL S T AND ARD
ASME B18.8.2-2020
[Revision of ASME B18.8.2–2000 (R2010)]
ASME B18.8.2-2020
[Revision of ASME B18.8.2–2000 (R2010)]
Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight Pins, Grooved Pins, and Spring Pins (Inch Series)
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Date of Issuance: December 21, 2020
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.
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ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2020 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Correspondence With the B18 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 General Data for Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 General Data for Taper Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
General Data for Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
General Data for Hardened Ground Production Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
General Data for Unhardened Ground Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7 General Data for Straight Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8 General Data for Grooved Pins, Grooved Drive Studs, and Grooved T-Head Cotter Pins . 16
9 General Data for Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Nonmandatory Appendices
A | Recommended Hole Specifications for Taper Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 34 |
B | Double Shear Testing of Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 38 |
C | Type B, C, and D Grooved Pin Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
D | Conversion Table for SAE and UNS Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
Figures 4.2.1.1-1 | Point Concentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 7 |
A-1-1 | Step Drill Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 36 |
A-1-2 | Drill Diameter Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 37 |
B-1-1 | Typical Pin Shear Test Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 38 |
Tables 3.1.1-1 | Dimensions of Taper Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 3 |
3.5.3-1 | Standard Sizes and Lengths of Taper Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 4 |
4.1.1-1 | Dimensions of Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 6 |
4.3.3-1 | Preferred Sizes and Lengths of Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 7 |
4.9.1-1 | Suggested Hole Sizes for Standard Series Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 8 |
5.1.1-1 | Dimensions of Hardened Ground Production Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 9 |
5.3.3-1 | Preferred Sizes and Lengths of Hardened Ground Production Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 10 |
5.8.1-1 | Suggested Hole Diameters for Hardened Ground Production Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 11 |
6.1.1-1 | Dimensions of Unhardened Ground Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 |
6.3.3-1 | Preferred Sizes and Lengths of Unhardened Ground Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 13 |
6.8-1 | Suggested Hole Diameters for Unhardened Ground Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 14 |
7.1.1-1 | Dimensions of Chamfered and Square End Straight Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 15 |
8.2.1-1 | Dimensions of Grooved Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 17 |
8.2.1-2 | Dimensions of Round-Head Grooved Drive Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 19 |
8.2.1-3 | Dimensions of Grooved T-Head Cotter Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 20 |
8.2.2-1 | Expanded Diameters for Grooved Pins Made From Low Carbon or Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . | 21 |
8.2.2-2 | Expanded Diameters for Grooved Pins Made From Corrosion Resistant Steel and Monel . . . . | 22 |
8.5.3-1 | Standard Sizes and Lengths of Grooved Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 24 |
8.5.3-2 | Pilot Length Dimensions for Round-Head Grooved Drive Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 25 |
8.5.3-3 | Groove Length Dimensions for Grooved T-Head Cotter Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 26 |
8.7-1 | Minimum Performance Requirements of Grooved Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 26 |
8.8-1 | Recommended Hole Sizes for Unplated Grooved Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 26 |
8.8-2 | Recommended Hole Sizes for Unplated Grooved Drive Studs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 27 |
9.4.2-1 | Tolerance on Length of Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 28 |
9.4.3-1 | Practical Sizes and Lengths of Coiled- and Slotted-Type Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 29 |
9.4.4-1 | Dimensions of Slotted-Type Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 30 |
9.4.4-2 | Dimensions of Coiled-Type Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 31 |
9.6-1 | Hardness Requirements for Slotted- and Coiled-Type Spring Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 33 |
A-1-1 | Drill Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 35 |
C-1 | Dimensions of Grooved Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 39 |
D-1 | Conversion Table for SAE and UNS Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 40 |
FOREWORD
The need for a standard covering machine pins was recognized by industry as far back as March, 1926, when the Sectional Committee on the Standardization of Machine Pins was organized under the procedure of the American Stan- dards Association (later the United States of America Standards Institute and as of October 6, 1969, the American National Standards Institute, Inc.), with the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors.
For the next year or two an effort was made via correspondence to develop a basis on which a standard for straight, taper, split, and dowel pins might be established. This correspondence exposed a distinct difference of opinion on the part of the manufacturers and users of taper machine pins, which seemed to discourage the members of the committee from attempting standardization on any of the types of pins within its scope. The sponsor organization made frequent efforts to revive this project through letters and the distribution of technical literature on this general subject, without avail. In December, 1941, during its periodic review of Society-sponsored standards, the ASME Standardization Committee decided that reviving the project was unlikely and voted (subject to acceptance by the sponsors) to suggest to the ASA the transfer of this project to Sectional Committee B5 on the Standardization of Small Tools and Machine Tool Elements. The sponsors agreed and on July 7, 1942, the ASA sanctioned this action and Sectional Committee B43 was discharged and the
project was officially transferred to Sectional Committee B5.
At its meeting in December, 1942, Sectional Committee B5 voted to enlarge its scope to include machine pins. Technical Committee No. 23 was subsequently established and charged with the responsibility for technical content of standards covering machine pins. This group held its first meeting on November 30, 1943, at which time a subgroup on Correlation and Recommendations was appointed and it was voted to include clevis pins in addition to the other pin types already under consideration. Several drafts were prepared by the subgroup, distributed for critical comment to users, manu- facturers, and general interests and revised and resubmitted for comments. This action finally resulted in acceptance by Technical Committee 23 of a draft dated November, 1945. Proofs of the draft, with a date of October, 1946 were dis- tributed to the members of Sectional Committee B5 for letter ballot approval. After the approval of the Sectional Committee, the proposal was next approved by the sponsor bodies, and presented to the American Standards Association for approval as an American Standard. This designation was granted on July 7, 1947.
Following the issuance of the standard it became apparent that the table on cotter pins needed revision. Accordingly in 1953 a proposed revision was submitted to the Sectional Committee. After attaining Sectional Committee and sponsor approval this revision was approved by the American Standards Association on July 9, 1954 as ASA B5.20-1954.
In 1956 and 1957, in response to requests from industry, extensive changes were incorporated into a proposed revision. These included revisions to chamfer values and tolerances on straight pins and unhardened ground dowel pins; revisions to under-head-to-hole, pin end dimensions, and hole size tolerances on clevis pins; addition of chisel point to cotter pin end-styles; and the incorporation of coverage on grooved pins. Following Sectional Committee and sponsor approvals, this revision was adopted by the American Standards Association on March 25, 1958, as ASA B5.20-1958.
In late 1961, Sectional Committee B5 suggested that Sectional Committee B18 on the standardization of bolts, nuts, rivets, screws, and similar fasteners assume jurisdiction over standards for pins. Recognizing that the bulk of the products covered in the ASA B5.20 standards were fastener rather than machine oriented, this recommendation was supported by the B18 Committee and officially endorsed by the sponsor organizations. Consequently this Committee, at the September 14, 1962 meeting, decreed that Subcommittee 23* should be formed to review and update the pin standard.
At the initial meeting, held on June 3, 1964, Subcommittee 23* decided to add standards for spring pins and to establish seven subgroups, each of which would have technical responsibility for specific pin products, and to publish respective products under separate cover as projects were completed.
Over several years, work by Subgroups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 culminated in a proposal for revising the standards covering taper, dowel, straight, and grooved pins and including coverage for spring pins (which was approved through letter ballot by Subcommittee 8 on February 24, 1977). After acceptance by American National Standards Committee B18 and the sponsor organizations, this document was submitted to the American National Standards Institute for approval as an American National Standard. Approval was granted on April 5, 1978 and the standard was published under the des- ignation ANSI B18.8.2, superseding in part the coverage provided in ASA B5.20-1958.
As of April 1, 1966 Subcommittee 23 was redesignated Subcommittee 8.
The B18.8.2-1978 edition was reaffirmed without change in 1989. The 1995 edition of B18.8.2 contained significant changes to the 1989 edition of B18.8.2 and was developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers B18 Committee on Fasteners. ASME B18.8.2-2000 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 22, 2000, and reaffirmed in 2010.
In 2017, the committee agreed to revise this Standard. The technical request prompting the revision began with some confusion in the industry regarding the diameter (A) of grooved pins. This revision clarifies that this dimension may be affected during the grooving process and shall not be cause for rejection. ASME B18.8.2-2020 was initially approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on April 16, 2020. However, publication was postponed to allow the committee to remove unrelated dimensions from Table C-1. ASME B18.8.2-2020 was again approved by ANSI as an American National Standard on October 30, 2020.
ASME B18 COMMITTEE
Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers, and Similar Fasteners
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS
W. Guth, Chair
J. Medcalf, Vice Chair
L. Guzman Rodriguez, Secretary
STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
T. Anderson, Bay Bolt
L. Borowski, Greenslade and Co., Inc.
S. Brahimi, Industrial Fasteners Institute
B. Cao, Infasco
V. Cartina, Hi-Performance Fastening Systems
L. Claus, NNI Training and Consulting, Inc.
A. P. Cockman, Consultant
D. S. George, Michigan Metal Coating
W. Guth, Electric Boat Corp.
A. L. Guzman Rodriguez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
J. Medcalf, Field Fastener
M. Q. Muhammad, Defense Logistics Agency — Troop Support
J. P. Nash, Caterpillar, Inc.
F. J. Perry, John Deere
C. B. Williamson, Fastenal Co.
J. F. McCarrick, Alternate, Defense Supply Center — Philadelphia
M. Byrne, Contributing Member, General Fasteners Co.
D. A. Clever, Contributing Member, Consultant
R. W. Davidson, Contributing Member, Endries International, Inc.
J. J. Grey, Contributing Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc.
J. C. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare Center — Philadelphia
M. Kaindl, Contributing Member, Aztech Locknut Co.
D. Korneffel, Contributing Member, Cadenas PARTsolutions
M. D. Prasad, Contributing Member, Global M&F Solutions, Inc.
J. J. Stoczanskyj, Contributing Member, Beacon Fasteners and Compo- nents, Inc.
R. D. Strong, Contributing Member, Lear Corp.
C. G. Vertullo, Contributing Member, Carver Engineering and Manu- facturing, Inc.
C. J. Wilson, Contributing Member, Consultant
SUBCOMMITTEE 8 — MACHINE PINS
A. Barry, Chair, Consultant
J. F. Koehl, SPIROL International Corp.
R. Lund, Fastenal Co.
D. A. Thonus, Fastar, Inc.
C. G. Vertullo, Carver Engineering and Manufacturing, Inc.
J. Wilson, Consultant
Clever, Contributing Member, Consultant
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B18 COMMITTEE
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, B18 Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
https://go.asme.org/Inquiry
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued to provide alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee web page.
Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify the Standard and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the Standard to which the proposed Case applies.
Interpretations. Upon request, the B18 Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee.
Requests for interpretation should preferably be submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form. The form is accessible at https://go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest. Upon submittal of the form, the Inquirer will receive an automatic e-mail confirming receipt.
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Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry in one or two words. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. Please provide a condensed and precise question, composed in such a way that a “yes” or “no” reply is acceptable.
Proposed Reply(ies): Provide a proposed reply(ies) in the form of “Yes” or “No,” with explanation as needed. If entering replies to more than one question, please number the questions and replies.
Background Information: Provide the Committee with any background information that will assist the Committee in understanding the inquiry. The Inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.
Requests that are not in the format described above may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.
Moreover, ASME does not act as a consultant for specific engineering problems or for the general application or understanding of the Standard requirements. If, based on the inquiry information submitted, it is the opinion of the Committee that the Inquirer should seek assistance, the inquiry will be returned with the recommendation that such assistance be obtained.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or telephone confer- ences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting and/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee. Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page at https://go.asme.org/B18committee.
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
ASME B18.8.2-2020
TAPERPINS, DOWEL PINS, STRAIGHT PINS, GROOVED PINS, AND SPRING PINS (INCH SERIES)
INTRODUCTION
Scope
This Standard covers the dimensional and general data for taper pins, dowel pins, straight pins, grooved pins, and spring pins. Also included are appen- dices providing supplementary information for the dril- ling of holes for taper pins and the testing of pins in double shear.
The inclusion of dimensional data in this Stan- dard is not intended to imply that all the products described are stock production sizes. Consumers should consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes.
Comparison With ISO Standards
Since these are inch fastener standards, there are no comparable ISO standards.
Dimensions
Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are in inches. All dimensions shall apply before coating. Symbols speci- fying geometric characteristics are in accord with ASME Y14.5.
Options
Where specified, options shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer unless otherwise agreed upon by the manu- facturer and purchaser. Special materials, coatings, lubri- cation, or packaging requirements shall be specified by the purchaser.
Terminology
For definitions of terminology not specified in this Stan- dard, refer to ASME B18.12.
Referenced Standards
The following is a list of publications referenced in this Standard. The latest edition shall be used.
ASME B18.8.1, Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins (Inch Series) ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners ASME B18.18, Quality Assurance for Fasteners
ASME B18.24, Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System for B18 Fastener Products
ASME B46.1, Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Wavi- ness, and Lay)
ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 (www.asme.org)
Related Standards
Standards for clevis pins and cotter pins, inch series are published in ASME B18.8.1.
Part Identifying Number
For a Part Identifying Number, refer to ASME B18.24.
GENERAL DATA FOR PINS
Types of Pins
Taper Pins. Taper pins shall have a uniform taper over the pin length with both ends crowned. Most sizes are supplied in both commercial and precision classes, the latter having generally tighter tolerances and being more closely controlled in manufacture. Dimensions for both classes are given in Table 3.1.1-1.
Dowel Pins. The following three varieties of dowel pins are covered.
Hardened Ground Machine Dowel Pins. This variety of hardened dowel pins shall have ground cylin- drical sides with one end pointed slightly to enter mating drive-fit holes and the other end rounded or crowned for driving purposes. They are available in standard and over- size diameter series to satisfy initial and replacement re- quirements, respectively. Dimensions for both series are given in Table 4.1.1-1.
Hardened Ground Production Dowel Pins. This variety of hardened dowel pin shall have ground cy- lindrical sid