WRC 438
Intermetallic Phase Precipitation in Duplex Stainless Steels and Weld Metals: Metallurgy, Influence on Properties, Welding and Testing Aspects
Bulletin / Circular by Welding Research Council, Inc., 1999
L. Karlsson
Full Description
Formation and effects of secondary phases, with emphasis on intermetallic phases, is reviewed for duplex stainless steel welds. Intermetallic precipitation can occur in weld metal and the heat affected zone, in particular in highly alloyed superduplex grades, and might reduce corrosion resistance and toughness to such an extent that welding procedure qualification requirements cannot be met. However, factors other than intermetallic precipitation often have a more significant influence on performance. The parent material delivery condition is of particular importance since through thickness compositional variations and intermetallics remaining from improper heat treatment have a dramatic effect on precipitate formation rate.